Commercial Matrix Displays Information

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Commercial matrix displays include any type of display used in commercial applications.

Types of Commercial Matrix Displays

There are two types of matrix displays. They are:

passive matrix displays
active matrix displays

Passive matrix displays are common types of flat-panel displays consisting of a grid of horizontal and vertical wires. At the intersection of each grid is an LCD element, which constitutes a single pixel, either letting light through or blocking it.

A higher quality and more expensive type of display, called an active-matrix display, uses a transistor to control each pixel. An active matrix display is a type of flat-panel display in which the screen is refreshed more frequently than in conventional passive-matrix displays. The most common type of active-matrix display is based on a technology known as Thin Film Transistor (TFT). The two terms, active matrix and TFT, are often used interchangeably. Modern commercial matrix displays use active matrix liquid crystal displays (AMLCD), which provide a much brighter and sharper display.

Specifications

There are several ways in which commercial matrix displays function. A commercial matrix display can work by active matrix addressing or passive matrix addressing. Active matrix addressing is an addressing scheme used in video displays. Given an n × m matrix, the number of connectors needed to address the display is n + m. Passive matrix addressing is an addressing scheme used in earlier LCD displays, and is likely to be used in future LCD displays. This is a matrix addressing scheme meaning that only n + m control signals are required to address an n × m display. A pixel in a passive matrix must maintain its state without active driving circuitry until it can be refreshed again.

In LED sign displays, a cluster of red, green, and blue diodes are driven together to form a full-color pixel, usually square in shape. These pixels are spaced evenly apart and are measured from center to center for absolute pixel resolution. Most LED displays are based on white LEDs. A white LED uses a 450 nm to 470 nm blue GaN (gallium nitride) LED, covered by a yellowish phosphor coating usually made of cerium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Ce3+:YAG) crystals, which have been powdered and bound in a type of viscous adhesive. Each display is associated with a specific physical display resolution. The display resolution signifies the number of dots (pixels) on the entire screen. The higher the resolution, the more dots or pixels on a display device. The total number of pixels in an active matrix display is fixed. For example, a VGA display has a very low resolution at 640 x 480. Scoreboards use commercial matrix displays to display scores. A scoreboard is a large board for publicly displaying the score in a game or match. Modern scoreboards use electromechanical or electronic means of displaying the score. Digits are composed of large dot-matrix or seven-segment displays made of incandescent bulbs, LEDs, or electromechanical flip segments. Commercial matrix displays are designed and manufactured according to the customer specifications.