Handbook of Nanophase and Nanostructured Materials, Volume IV: Materials Systems and Applications II

By Ze Zhang (eds)

Appendix

Figure IV.1: The most likely application of carbon nanotubes in recent years is field emission. Besides fundamental studies, several companies have demonstrated prototype displays using carbon nanotubes. Shown in this figure is a dark-field TEM image displaying the field distribution at the tips of carbon nanotubes under an externally applied electric field (Courtesy of Dr. Ruiping Gao and Dr. Z. L. Wang, Georgia Institute of Technology).

Figure IV.2: Quantum conductance of nanowires is an important and interesting physics phenomenon, and it is usually observed in ultra-thin nanowires at low temperatures. The conductance of a carbon nanotube was measured as a function of the depth with which the tube was inserted into a mercury bath (S. Frank, P. Poncharal, Z. L. Wang, and W. A. de Heer, Science 280 (1998) 1744). In-situ TEM observation confirmed this phenomenon. The most surprising fact is that a 20 nm diameter multi-walled carbon nanotube exhibits quantum conductance at room temperature. No heat dissipation was observed in the nanotube. This is the result of ballistic conductance, and it is believed to be a result of single graphite layer conductance due to the unique structure of graphite. It is necessary to point out that this phenomenon was observed only for carbon nanotubes that are structurally perfect and surface clean (Courtesy of Dr. Z. L. Wang, and Dr. W. A. de Heer, Georgia Institute of Technology).

Figure IV.3: Nanobelts of semiconducting oxides are a group of materials for sensor and opto-electronic applications. Field effect transistors (FETs) can be...

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Handbook of Nanophase and Nanostructured Materials, Volume IV: Materials Systems and Applications II

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