Santana Burintramart and Tapan K. Sarkar

In many applications, an adaptive antenna array known as a smart antenna is a promising technology for contemporary developments in both military and civilian applications. One major part of the smart antenna is the estimation of the source directions. This procedure is called DOA estimation. In some applications, such as mobile communication, the statistical-based DOA estimations can be applied. However, in some specific applications, such as radar, application of a statisticalbased method has no meaning, since the environment changes rapidly. For example, it is challenging for an airborne radar to determine the direction of a jammer, which would improve the signal-to-noise ratio and improve detection or tracking. Since the platform on which the radar is mounted is moving very rapidly, other methods that are not based on statistical approaches make more sense.

In this section, the simulations are designed mainly for radar application purposes. Therefore, there will be both transmitting and receiving antennas at specific locations. The DOA estimation method, based on a single snapshot of data [1], will be used in determining the directions of returning waves to the receiver. In addition to the DOA estimation, we utilize the same concept to measure the distances between objects in space. Once the DOAs and distances are combined together, the target of interest can be located.

The chapter is organized as follows. In the Section 5.1, the method to be used for the DOA estimation in our numerical simulation is proposed. In Section 5.2, the...