Chemical Thermodynamics for Industry
Written by leading experts in the field, this book presents the latest developments in applied thermodynamics and highlights the role of thermodynamics in the chemical industry.
TABLE OF CONTENTS Chemical Thermodynamics for Industry
Chapter 16: Thermodynamics of New Materials
M. Schroeder, M. Martin
1 Introduction
Progress in all fields of our technological world depends on the development and optimization of materials. This applies to metallic materials, ceramics and polymers as well. Research and applications related to the thermodynamics and transport processes of new materials is therefore a vast field that cannot be covered in a single article. As a consequence, the focus of this article will be on ceramic materials, and within this broad field we will focus on oxide ceramics. In the following two sections, ceramic membranes that are mixed ionic and electronic conductors and oxygen ion conductors will be discussed. Both classes of materials exhibit interesting properties and can be used for important technical applications, such as oxygen separation and catalytic partial oxidation of hydrocarbons or conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy in solid oxide fuel cells.
2 Ceramic Membranes for Oxygen Separation and Catalytic Partial Oxidation of Hydrocarbons
Today, huge amounts of pure oxygen are required for the production of chemicals, petrochemicals and primary metals, as well as for medical, military and other applications. The yearly consumption of oxygen adds up to more than 35 million tons worldwide. [1] Although ubiquitously available in air, the production of oxygen is dominated by cost-intensive processes, such as cryogenic distillation and pressure swing adsorption. [2] , [3] A new technology to generate oxygen in a more economical way would seem to be very attractive for industrial gas-to-liquid (GLT) applications. Recently, it was demonstrated that ceramic membranes...
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