The second objective of this part is to compel belief that A ll i s h euristic. Contrary to what is often thought in the West, rational argument is not the only legitimate method for compelling belief. Some find that behavior modification (and its extreme form, brainwashing), the sudden physical blow administered to monks in some monasteries to force enlightenment, and, of course, prayer and meditation are equally effective ways to change opinion. One additional approach deserves special attention because it bears a slight relationship to the method I intend to use to compel belief that A ll i s h euristic. In some Buddhist training, koans lay traps for the unwary monk who fails to remember the provisional nature of all human concepts and confuses his world with an assumed real one. The novice is asked, for example, the koan, "What is the sound of one hand clapping?" or "What did your face look like before you were born?" If we may believe the Zen master, in the frustration of trying to answer these koans is born belief and enlightenment. Whether by rational argument, reinforcement theory, or a blow from a stick, convincing others that a particular set of heuristics or sota is the only correct one has been a favorite pastime of all people in all cultures. Only the techniques to do so are different.