Mathematical Models in Biology

For we will always have as 5 is to 8 so is 8 to 13, practically, and as 8 is to 13, so is 13 to 21 almost. I think that the seminal faculty is developed in a way analogous to this proportion which perpetuates itself, and so in the flower is displayed a pentagonal standard, so to speak. I let pass all other considerations which might be adduced by the most delightful study to establish this truth.
J.Kepler, (1611). Sterna seu de nive sexangule, Opera , ed. Christian Frisch, tome 7, (Frankefurt Main, Germany: Heyden & Zimmer, 1858 1871), pp. 722 723.
The early Greeks were fascinated by numbers and believed them to hold special magical properties. From the Greeks special blend of philosophy, mathematics, numerology, and mysticism, there emerged a foundation for the real number system upon which modern mathematics has been built. A preoccupation with aesthetic beauty in the Greek civilization meant, among other things, that architects, artisans, and craftsmen based many of their works of art on geometric principles. S0 it is that in the stark ruins of the Parthenon many regularly spaced columns and structures capture the essence of the golden mean, which derives from the golden rectangle.
Considered to have a most visually pleasing proportion, the golden rectangle has sides that bear...