New Directions in Bioprocess Modeling and Control: Maximizing Process Analytical Technology Benefits

Appendix B: Condition Number

Start with a 2x2 steady state gain matrix K:


Compute the transpose K T:


Compute a new matrix A that is the product of the transpose and the original matrix:


Compute the quadratic coefficients for the polynomial characteristic equation A ? ?*I = 0 where "" denotes the determinant, ? is an eigenvalue matrix, and I is the identity matrix:




Compute the eigenvalues ?1 and ?2 as the two roots of the quadratic equation:



Compute the singular values ?1 and ?2 as the square root of the eigenvalues:



Compute the condition number K as the ratio of maximum to minimum singular values:


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