Technical Articles
TEGAM, Inc. has published these technical articles:
(Calibration Instruments, Standards and Reference Sources)
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LCR meters make taking L, C and R measurements very easy. However, if you want to be certain of the measurement that you have made, you must understand how an LCR meter operates and how the component...
(Electrical and Electronic Test Equipment)
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When selecting equipment to use in potentially hazardous locations, things can get complicated quickly. Today we will be discussing the different standards for intrinsic safety as well as many terms...
(Temperature Sensing)
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Use of thermometers to measure temperature has been around for centuries. Understanding the difference between contact and non-contact temperature measurements is vital to health, safety and quality...
(Calibration Instruments, Standards and Reference Sources)
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The latest version of AMS2750 Pyrometry has just been released. Revision F is a complete rewrite so it pays to read it carefully to see how the changes may impact your operations. In the first...
(Calibration Instruments, Standards and Reference Sources)
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The latest version of AMS2750 Pyrometry has just been released. Revision F is a complete rewrite so it pays to read it carefully to see how the changes may impact your operations....
AN109: Testing Aircraft Electrical Bonds Ensures Safety and Reliability, Improves System Performance
(Calibration Instruments, Standards and Reference Sources)
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Fixed and rotary-wing aircrafts are complex assemblies consisting of various electrical and mechanical components, which are all connected to form a sound mechanical structure. While mechanical...
(Calibration Instruments, Standards and Reference Sources)
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This Application Guide discusses the need and procedure for using an anti-static control solution on sensitive analog meter movements such as the one found in the TEGAM AVM-2000 Nullmeter. Although...
(Power Supply and Conditioning)
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Lightning strikes are a leading cause of damage to wind turbines even though they are designed with a lightning arrestor system that conducts the electricity from the tip of the blade, through the...
(Temperature Sensing)
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Bulk transportation of milk is regulated by the FDA under the Pasteurized Milk Ordinance (PMO) and requires recording the temperature at multiple transfer points between producers, transporters and...
(Calibration Instruments, Standards and Reference Sources)
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When using an RF Power Meter with an RF Power Sensor to make an RF Power Measurement the user must know that the measurement is accurate and there is traceability to a known standard. All diode,...
(Calibration Instruments, Standards and Reference Sources)
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What Is CDC's Role in Food Safety?...
(Temperature Sensing)
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Did you know that you can use your temperature calibrator as a diagnostic tool to troubleshoot your temperature control circuit?...
(Temperature Sensing)
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Using Temperature Calibrators/Thermocouple Calibrators for Circuit Diagnostics Did you know that you can use your temperature calibrator as a diagnostic tool to troubleshoot your temperature control...
(Additional Sensor Transmitters)
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How Accurate Are Your RF Measurements? Accurate power measurements on RF signals require a thorough knowledge of the varying nature of the signals under test...
(Temperature Sensing)
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This blog post compares and details the three (3) main types of temperature probes & sensors most commonly found in measurement instruments today; thermocouples, Resistance Temperature Detectors...
(Temperature Sensing)
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One of the questions often asked to TEGAM is, "Which temperature sensor should I use, an RTD probe or a Thermocouple probe?" The answer used to be easy - a thermocouple sensor for industrial use and...
(Temperature Sensing)
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Accuracy within the realm of digital thermometers has many definitions, depending upon your point of reference....
(Power Supply and Conditioning)
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This application note describes a basic technique for generating an accurate 100 mW power source....
(Temperature Sensing)
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Contamination Through Effective Time/Temperature Process Controls...
(Temperature Sensing)
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TEGAM President Adam Fleder gave an interview to Process Expo recently on the importance of accurate temperature measurement and data collection in Food Safety applications...
(Temperature Sensing)
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Is there a hazardous location in your manufacturing or production facility?...
(Temperature Sensing)
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The accurate measurement and control of temperature is critical to the quality and health-safety
of food products. With the impact of the Food Safety Modernization Act (S510) and the dynamic
nature of...
(Calibration Instruments, Standards and Reference Sources)
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Following four simple steps at home-Clean, Separate, Cook, and Chill-can help protect you and your loved ones from food poisoning....
(Power Supply and Conditioning)
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This Application Guide discusses suggested instrument interconnections and supplemental filtering to allow maximum resolution when the AVM-2000, or other very high sensitivity null meters, are used in...
(Multimeters and Electrical Test Meters)
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Bond meters are an important tool in any aircraft, automobile, or communications technician's toolbox. Accurate bond measurements are critical to ensure the safe operation of these systems, and...
(Calibration Instruments, Standards and Reference Sources)
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Temperature is such an important measurement in today’s complex process industry that many companies are now requiring routine validation of temperature measurements, as often as at the end of...
(Temperature Sensing)
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Today, the best thermometers are digital, both for speed and for accuracy. Yet, most people do not know how a digital thermometer works....
(Temperature Sensing)
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When we look back in time, it's hard to imagine the patience that was necessary to develop an accurate thermometer....
(Temperature Sensing)
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The Pasteurized Milk Ordinance (PMO) by the Food and Drug Administration requires recording the temperature at multiple transfer points between producers, transporters and processors. Manually...
(Temperature Sensing)
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To calibrate a temperature probe, you need to know a few basic details about the temperature probe itself and a bit concerning the physics involved....
(Temperature Sensing)
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A simple change can improve the accuracy of your thermocouple measurements by over 75%. The most common thermocouple type today is Type K. You see the yellow connectors everywhere...
(Temperature Sensing)
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Accurately measuring the temperature of a viscous liquid can present its own set of unique challenges, but what if the liquid is flowing?...
(Calibration Instruments, Standards and Reference Sources)
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To insure proper operation of an instrument with Kelvin Klips, a short (zero) verification should be part of your standard work practices....
(Temperature Sensing)
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From time to time, TEGAM writes about how our digital measuring instruments are of-service in "civilian," non-industry applications. This post looks at one of those uses. Have you noticed that home...
(Calibration Instruments, Standards and Reference Sources)
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Did you know that you can use your thermocouple calibrator as a diagnostic tool to troubleshoot your temperature control circuit?...
(Calibration Instruments, Standards and Reference Sources)
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Application Note 106 describes a method of compensating the TEGAM Model 1750's measurement circuit to be able to measure inductive test samples by connecting a capacitor....
(Temperature Sensing)
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Have you ever wondered why there are so many standards issued by the government and other private agencies and organizations? When everything has to fit together, work right for safety or efficient...
(Temperature Sensing)
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What is Infrared? How is Infrared used for Temperature Measurement?...
(Calibration Instruments, Standards and Reference Sources)
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This Application Guide describes the sources of input bias current on a high sensitivity instruments such as a null meter, the impact input bias current can have on measurements and how the user...
(Power Supply and Conditioning)
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This Application Guide describes the sources of input offset voltage on a high sensitivity instruments such as a null meter, the impact input offset voltage can have on measurements and how the user...
(Additional Sensor Transmitters)
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Characterizing RF power sensors is commonly done using a direct comparison system which employs a resistive RF power splitter with a power standard connected to a power meter. The microwave source is...
(Additional Sensor Transmitters)
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RF power sensor linearity is a commonly misunderstood topic. To obtain the most accurate power measurements, though, you need to understand what linearity is, the sources of nonlinearity, and how to...
(Additional Sensor Transmitters)
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This document explains the theory behind measuring power with a dual bridge Power Meter such as the Agilent 432A and shows the reader how to simplify the measurement with the TEGAM 1830A RF Power...
(Calibration Instruments, Standards and Reference Sources)
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Intrinsic Safety is the set of best practices, procedures and technology used to prevent unwanted and unnecessary explosive scenarios in the workplace....
(Additional Sensor Transmitters)
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The linearity of an RF or microwave receiver is typically measured at its intermediate frequency. Nonlinearities at high signal levels due to mixer compression, and at low levels due to noise, are...
(Temperature Sensing)
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Intrinsic safety (IS) is a protection technique for safe operation of electrical equipment in hazardous areas....
(Calibration Instruments, Standards and Reference Sources)
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This Application Guide discusses the use of filtering to improve null measurements when noise on the signal source makes measurements difficult or introduces error. This note also helps the...
(Calibration Instruments, Standards and Reference Sources)
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For the new user, the Application Guides provide a basic understanding of the fundamentals of measurement process that use Null Meters. For the experienced user, the Application Guides provide a...
(Additional Sensor Transmitters)
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By utilizing a unique function that most modern power meters do not offer; the 1830A allows the user to change the value of the thermistor mounts terminating resistance. This application note will...
(Calibration Instruments, Standards and Reference Sources)
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This Application Guide discusses the problems encountered when comparing nulls, especially nulls made in the micro-volt and nano-volt regions, between two null meters...
(Calibration Instruments, Standards and Reference Sources)
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This application note describes how a Microohmmeter with offset voltage compensation can assist a manufacturer or processor of electrical wire to measure wire gauge in real time and cost effectively...
(Calibration Instruments, Standards and Reference Sources)
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This application note describes how a customer used the TEGAM Model 1750 High-Speed Programmable Microohmmeter to control the silver plating thickness of copper wire in real-time....
(Calibration Instruments, Standards and Reference Sources)
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This application note describes a measurement system developed by TEGAM and a customer to make high-accuracy, four-wire milliohm measurements of small-scale or microscopic components and material...
(Calibration Instruments, Standards and Reference Sources)
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This app note describes the use of a TEGAM System IIA Power Sensor Calibration System (Figure 1) for SWR/Return Loss measurements. System IIA is a scalar measurement system whose principal function is...
(Temperature Sensing)
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Reading Temperature RTD, PRTD, PT100: What's the Difference? Let TEGAM Explain: An RTD is a Resistance Temperature Detector. Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTD) use the physical properties of...
(Temperature Sensing)
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This post is Part 2 in a two part series regarding Contact vs. Non-Contact Thermometry and "How Infrared is Used for Temperature Measurement"....
(Temperature Sensing)
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The TEGAM 819A series of thermocouple thermometers combined with an 8012 Thermocouple Switch is the fastest and easiest way to measure up to 6 thermocouples. This application note explores six...
(Temperature Sensing)
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The value and impact of temperature and thus of temperature measurement & monitoring has become frighteningly and stridently clear in the past months OUTSIDE of the worlds of research and...
(Additional Sensor Transmitters)
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The EarthScope Project is an undertaking funded by the National Science Foundation in partnership with the United States Geological Survey and NASA to characterize the geology of North America....
(Temperature Sensing)
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Bed bugs have quickly become a very important pest of the 21st century, as they have already invaded numerous urban areas including hotels, offices and residences. Increasing the room temperature up...
(Calibration Instruments, Standards and Reference Sources)
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Precision measurements require accurate, reliable connections all the way to the device under test. TEGAM manufactures precision instrumentation that measures with parts per million accuracy. TEGAM...
(Temperature Sensing)
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The National Institute of Metrology of Thailand (NIMT) has upgraded the capability of their RF power sensor calibration system to 50 GHz, thanks to TEGAM's thermistor RF power standards....
(Electrical and Electronic Test Equipment)
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Fixed and rotary-wing aircrafts are complex assemblies consisting of various electrical and mechanical components, which are all connected to form a sound mechanical structure. While mechanical...
(Calibration Instruments, Standards and Reference Sources)
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The purpose of this Application Note is to describe how the unique features of TEGAM's Model 1750 High-Speed, Precise, Programmable Microohmmeter assist in testing large LCD panels...
(Additional Sensor Transmitters)
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Testing resolvers (also known as synchro resolvers) at very small angular increments or at better than 1 arc-second (0.00028 degrees) accuracy requires a high precision instrument. A high precision...
(Calibration Instruments, Standards and Reference Sources)
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The LCR meter provides a simple and accurate way to measure impedance at a specific frequency point. However, for components that are more than pure L, C or R, this is often inadequate to fully...
(Temperature Sensing)
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For food processors and handlers, HACCP and the FSMA have brought about an unprecedented emphasis on process data collection, record retention, and data reporting....
(Wire and Cable)
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It is common knowledge in industry that 4-wire measurement is the preferred method for resistances under 1 O but what makes it so advantageous over 2- and 3- wire measurement? Let's look at how the...
(Temperature Sensing)
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A digital thermometer that takes a thermocouple input is one of the most versatile measurement instruments you can have in your company. Portable, high-accuracy models are readily available with...
(Temperature Sensing)
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A thermocouple's low cost, ruggedness and broad measurement range makes it the most popular sensor for industrial applications....
(Electrical and Electronic Test Equipment)
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A voltmeter is a widely used instrument in the electrical industry, utilized to measure voltages at various circuit points mainly in order to troubleshoot a problem. As the modern industry continues...
(Additional Sensor Transmitters)
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Thermistor-based RF power sensors are known by many names including thermistor mounts, thermistor sensors and bolometers. Thermistor sensors such as the Agilent (HP) 478A and TEGAM F1109 are dual...
(Temperature Sensing)
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This application note provides a general overview of the Fenwal sensing elements and the test methodologies used in conjunction with the TEGAM Model 252 in accurately determining the condition of the...
(Temperature Sensing)
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I was recently asked, "What does Cold Junction Compensation do?" This question requires that I summarize how thermocouples work and the physics behind them....
(Calibration Instruments, Standards and Reference Sources)
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There are several brands and manufacturers of thermocouple temperature calibrators in the marketplace today. Like most instruments and devices, not all temperature calibrators are created equal....
(Temperature Sensing)
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What exactly is a thermocouple? It is two wires of dissimilar metals that produce a thermoelectric voltage when the two ends are at different temperatures....
(Temperature Sensing)
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CONTACT or INFRARED? Each method has its own set of strengths and weaknesses....
(Electrical and Electronic Test Equipment)
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When testing electrical bonds, maintaining the integrity of the surface can be critical. The tips of your probes have a lot to do with preserving that surface finish and integrity....
(Calibration Instruments, Standards and Reference Sources)
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With two nationally recognized calibration standards in the industry, it can be confusing as to which one you really need for research or manufacturing/production requirements....
(Temperature Sensing)
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Why are there so many types of thermocouples? They have all been developed to either solve a problem or to improve upon an older alloy....
(Temperature Sensing)
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When you are in the field, you need digital instruments that are reliable, and this includes the batteries that power your devices. One of the first things you learn is that portable instruments eat...
(Temperature Sensing)
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we would like to offer our own perspective on scanning people for elevated temperatures with an infrared detector....