Cloning, Gene Expression and Protein Purification: Experimental Procedures and Process Rationale

Appendix A: Appendices

PART 1 TERMS LIST

A-E

alkaline phosphatase
- Enzyme That Catalyzes the Removal of 5'-phosphates From the Ends of Nucleic acids. Prevents Self-ligation of Cloning vectors.
aptamer
- a combinatorially-produced nucleic acid selected by participation in a biochemical recognition process. For example, quadruplex-forming DNAs can inhibit thrombin-mediated blood clotting by competitively inhibiting essential thrombin/fibrinogen interactions.
artificial chromosomes
- Yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs), contain the following essential elements: terminal telomeres, internal centromeric sequences (CENS), and one or more autonomous replication sequences (ARS).
assay sensitivity
- involves two considerations, minimal and maximal detection ranges and standard errors associated with replicate determinations.
cDNA
- duplex DNA sequence, produced by reverse transcription from an RNA template carried in a cloning vector. Baltimore and Temin showed that RNA can be created by reverse transcription of RNAs, then used by retroviruses to make cDNAs that can be integrated into the genome of the host.
central dogma of molecular biology
- statement that DNA is replicated to make daughter generation DNA, RNA is made by transcription from the DNA template, and proteins are synthesized based on the sequence of specific mRNAs.
clone
- one of a group of genetically identical cells or organisms derived from a common ancestor.
cloning vector
- a self-replicating DNA or RNA carrying a covalently attached genetic element that can be propagated and amplified within a host cell.
cohesive ("sticky") ends
- complementary single-stranded DNAs that protrude from opposite ends (both 5' or both 3') of a duplex fragment or from the ends...

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