The Importance of Uncertainty Quantification
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Electromagnetic simulations typically rely on fixed inputs to produce a single deterministic result, but real-world variations in materials, geometry, and operating conditions can cause actual performance to differ from predictions. Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) addresses this limitation by estimating a realistic range of potential outcomes and associated confidence levels. By providing greater insight into the reliability of simulation results, UQ helps engineers make more informed design and risk decisions. This paper demonstrates how incorporating UQ into EM simulation using XFdtd can improve predictive accuracy, accelerate design iteration, reduce dependence on costly physical prototypes, and produce more robust designs that perform reliably when brought into real-world integration.
