Semiconductors Reference Materials
Reference Articles 1101 - 1200 of 1421
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Designing a Transponder Coil for the HCS410
Description: This application note explains the design of transponder coils. An Excel spreadsheet is used to automate the update of values, depending on the specified parameters. The spreadsheet file name is ...
- Everything a System Engineer Needs to Know About Serial EEPROM Endurance
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I²C™ Memory Autodetect
Description: This application note describes a method to automatically detect the memory size of a serial EEPROM connected to an I 2 C bus. The topics include: Automatic detection of memory size on the I 2 C bus ...
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PICmicro® Midrange MCU Code Hopping Decoder
Description: This application note describes the working of a KEELOQ® code hopping decoder implemented on a Microchip Midrange MCUs (PIC16C6X, PIC16C7X, PIC16C62X) ...
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Serial Port Routines Without Using the RTCC
Description: The PIC16C5X has one 8-bit timer (Timer0) which can use an 8-bit prescaler. In some instances, the user would like to use this timer for some other purpose and yet, be able to do a transmit and ...
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Solving Second Sourcing Issues with the 24LC00 Device in a SOT-23 Package
Description: Many potential customers of the 24LC00 have expressed interest in the device, especially with it available in the ultra-small SOT-23 package. The one thing that has kept customers from designing in or ...
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This technical brief describes how to use the PIC16C72 PICMASTER(R) emulator probe for PIC12C67X emulation.
Description: This technical brief describes how to use the PIC16C72 PICMASTER emulator probe for PIC12C67X emulation. ...
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An In-depth Look at the MCP2510
Description: he MCP2510 is a low pincount stand-alone CAN controller which interfaces to a microcontroller via a standard Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI?). The feature set of the MCP2510 makes it very versatile. ...
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Anti-Aliasing, Analog Filters for Data Acquisition Systems
Description: Analog filters can be found in almost every electronic circuit. Audio systems use them for preamplification, equalization, and tone control. In communication systems, filters are used for tuning in ...
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Brush-DC Servomotor Implementation using PIC17C756A
Description: This application note demonstrates the use of a PIC17C756A microcontroller (MCU) in a brush-DC servomotor application. The PIC17CXXX family of micro-controllers makes an excellent choice for ...
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CRC Generating and Checking
Description: This application note describes the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) theory and implementation. The CRC check is used to detect errors in a message. Two implementations are shown: Table driven CRC ...
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Credit Card Reader Using PIC12C509
Description: Many people carry one or more magnetically encoded cards with them for accessing a range of services. Perhaps the most common example is the credit card or bank ATM card, but increasingly they are ...
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DC/DC Converter Controller Using a PICmicro Microcontroller
Description: In many applications, a DC/DC Converter is used to produce a regulated voltage or current, derived from an unregulated power supply, or from a battery. Examples of these applications include battery ...
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Digital Coding Schemes for Mixed Signal Communication
Description: An Analog-to-Digital (A/D) converter translates an analog input signal into a discrete digital code. This digital representation of the real world signal can be manipulated in the digital domain for ...
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Downloading HEX Files to PIC16F87X PICmicro ® Microcontrollers
Description: The release of the PIC16F87X devices introduces the first mid-range family of devices from Microchip Technology that has the capability to read and write to internal program memory. This family has ...
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Fast Integer Square Root
Description: One very common and relatively quick method for finding the square root of a number is the Newton-Raphson method. Although this method is quick in terms of mathematics, it also requires extensive use ...
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Fast Integer Square Root
Description: One very common and relatively quick method for finding the square root of a number is the Newton-Raphson method. Although this method is quick in terms of mathematics, it also requires extensive use ...
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Floating Point to ASCII Conversion
Description: It is often necessary to output a floating point number to a display. For example, to check calculations, one might want to output floating point numbers using the PICmicro ® microcontrollers ...
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How to Implement ICSP Using PIC16CXXX OTP MCUs
Description: In-Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP?) is a great way to reduce your inventory overhead and time-to-market for your product. By assembling your product with a blank Microchip microcontroller (MCU), you ...
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Implementing a Bootloader for the PIC16F87X
Description: The PIC16F87X family of microcontrollers has the ability to write to their own program memory. This feature allows a small bootloader program to receive and write new firmware into memory. This ...
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Implementing Bootloader Firmware Application Note
Description: The PIC18C601 and PIC18C801 microcontrollers are the first members of Microchips PIC18 family with no on-chip program memory. They offer the PIC18 architecture, with the ability to use different types ...
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Implementing Bootloader Firmware Application Note
Description: The PIC18C601 and PIC18C801 microcontrollers are the first members of Microchips PIC18 family with no on-chip program memory. They offer the PIC18 architecture, with the ability to use different types ...
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Implementing the External Memory Interface on PIC18C601/801 Appication Note
Description: The PIC18C601 and PIC18C801 are the very first members of Microchips PIC18 family that are ROMless microcontrollers that is, they have no on-chip program memory. Both offer the enhanced PIC18 ...
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In-Circuit Serial Programming of Calibration Parameters Using a PICmicro® Microcontroller
Description: Many embedded control applications, where sensor offsets, slopes and configuration information are measured and stored, require a calibration step. Traditionally, potentiometers or Serial EEPROM ...
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Interfacing Microchip MCP3201 A/D Converter to 8051-Based Microcontroller
Description: In embedded controller applications, it is often desirable to provide a means to digitize analog signals. The MCP3201 12-bit Analog-to-Digital (A/D) Converter gives the designer an easy means to add ...
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Interfacing Microchip's MCP41XXX and MCP42XXX Digital Potentiometers to Motorola?s 68HC12 Microcontroller
Description: The MCP41XXX and MCP42XXX family of digital potentiometers communicate using a standard 3-wire SPI compatible interface. This application note will cover communication between these devices and the ...
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Interfacing Microchip's MCP41XXX/42XXX Digital Potentiometers to a PICmicro Microcontroller
Description: The MCP41XXX and MCP42XXX family of digital potentiometers communicate using a standard 3-wire SPI compatible interface. This application note will discuss communications between these devices and a ...
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Interfacing Microchips MCP3201 ADC to MC68HC11E9-Based Microcontroller
Description: Many of the embedded control systems designed today require some flavor of Analog-to-Digital (A/D) Converter. Embedded system applications such as Data Acquisition, Sensor Monitoring, and ...
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KeeLoq HCS410 Transponder Decoder Using a PIC16C56
Description: This document describes a secure transponder system. The system is suitable for use in security applications such as cars, motor bikes, and scooters (two-wheelers). Microchip?s secure HCS410 KEELOQ ...
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LIN Protocol Implementation Using PICmicro® MCUs
Description: LIN Protocol was designed by a consortium of European auto manufacturers as a low cost, short distance, low speed network. Designed to communicate changes in switch settings and respond to switch ...
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Low-Power Real Time Clock
Description: This application note uses the Timer1 module, from a mid-range PIC16CXXX microcontroller, to control a low-power real-time clock. Timer1 was chosen because it has its own crystal which allows the ...
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Make a Delta-Sigma Converter Using a Microcontroller's Analog Comparator Module
Description: This application note describes how to implement an Analog-to-Digital (A/D) Converter function using a member of the PIC16C6XX series of microcontrollers. Although these microcontrollers do not have a ...
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Make a Delta-Sigma Converter Using a Microcontroller's Analog Comparator Module
Description: This application note describes how to implement an Analog-to-Digital (A/D) Converter function using a member of the PIC16C6XX series of microcontrollers. Although these microcontrollers do not have a ...
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Migrating Designs from PIC16C74A/74B to PIC18C442
Description: The PIC18CXX2 was intended to make conversions from midrange controllers to enhanced controllers as easily as possible. Changes to register and bit names, and bit locations were kept to a minimum. The ...
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Multi-Tasking on the PIC16F877 with the Salvo RTOS
Description: This application note covers a Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) running on a PIC16F877. The application is written in C using the HI-TECH C compiler. MPLAB ® IDE is used as the Integrated ...
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PIC17CXXX to PIC18CXXX Migration
Description: The specification of the PIC18CXXX Architecture was done with several goals. One of the most important of these goals was code compatibility with existing PICmicro ® families. This goal eases the ...
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PIC18CXXX/PIC16CXXX DC Servomotor
Description: The PICmicro ® microcontroller makes an ideal choice for an embedded DC Servomotor application. The PICmicro family has many devices and options for the embedded designer to choose from. ...
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RS-232 Autobaud for the PIC16C5X Devices
Description: This application note describes an implementation of a RS-232 Autobaud routine on a PIC16C54B microcontroller. Many microcontroller applications require chip-to-chip serial communication. Since the ...
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Simplifying External Memory Connections of PIC17CXXX PICmicro ® Microcontrollers
Description: The PIC17CXXX family of PICmicro ® microcontrollers has an external program memory interface. Since the PIC17CXXX devices implement a 16-bit instruction word, the external memory must be 16-bits ...
- System Design Considerations for Implementing a ROM Microcontroller
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The PICmicro MCU as an IEEE 1451.2 Compatible Smart Transducer
Description: This application note discusses the organization of the PICmicro MCU and related firmware for developing IEEE 1451.2 Smart Transducer Interface Modules (STIM). Although a detailed understanding of the ...
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Understanding A/D Converter Performance Specifications
Description: The purpose of this application note is to describe the specifications used to quantify the performance of A/D converters and give the reader a better understanding of the significance of those ...
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Using PICmicro® MCUs to Connect to Internet via PPP
Description: This application note will focus on the details of negotiating PPP. ...
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Using the 8-Bit Parallel Slave Port
Description: PIC16C64/74 microcontrollers from Microchip Technology Inc. can be interfaced with ease into a multi-microprocessor environment using its built-in Parallel Slave Port (PSP). With their very high ...
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Using the MCP320X 12-Bit Serial A/D Converter with Microchip PICmicro® Devices
Description: The MCP320X devices comprise a family of 12-bit successive approximation Analog to Digital (A/D) Converters. These devices provide from one to eight analog inputs with both single ended and ...
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Using the PICmicro SSP for Slave I2C Communication
Description: Many devices in the PICmicro family have a Synchronous Serial Port (SSP) or Master Synchronous Serial Port (MSSP). These peripherals can be used to implement the SPI TM or I 2 C communication ...
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Using Timer 1 in Asynchronous Clock Mode
Description: This application note discusses the use of the PIC16CXXX Timer1 module as an asynchronous clock. The Timer1 module has it own oscillator circuitry, which allows the timer to keep real-time, even when ...
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Using Timer 1 in Asynchronous Clock Mode
Description: This application note discusses the use of the PIC16CXXX Timer1 module as an asynchronous clock. The Timer1 module has it own oscillator circuitry, which allows the timer to keep real-time, even when ...
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Watt-Hour Meter using PIC16C923 and CS5460
Description: This application note shows how to use a PIC16C923 microcontroller to control operation of the CS5460 power measurement integrated circuit from Cirrus Logic ® /Crystal Power Measurement, to drive ...
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Wireless Home Security Implementing KEELOQ® and the PICmicro® Microcontroller
Description: This application note describes a Microchip system solution for a low end/power wireless home security system. This design implements an HCS200 encoder for the intruder sensor signal encryption, one ...
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15-Kilogram Scale Using the TC520 (TC500/A, TC520)
Description: A 15kg weighing scale was designed using Microchip's TC500A Analog Processor and the TC520 16-bit Controller. The scale is required to resolve down to 1/8 gram and correct to within 61/2 gram. This ...
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A Simple CAN Node using the MCP2510 and PIC12C67X
Description: This application note describes the design, development and implementation of a smart, low cost, stand alone Controller Area Network (CAN) node. It combines the Microchip 8-pin PIC12C672 ...
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An SNMP Agent for the Microchip TCP/IP Stack
Description: Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an Internet protocol that was originally designed to manage different network devices, such as file servers, hubs, routers and so on. It can also be used ...
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An SNMP Agent for the Microchip TCP/IP Stack
Description: Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an Internet protocol that was originally designed to manage different network devices, such as file servers, hubs, routers and so on. It can also be used ...
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AN244, Internal RC Oscillator Calibration
Description: Recently, Microchip has introduced a series of new PIC16 and PIC18 PICmicro® microcontrollers that have an on-board Internal RC Oscillator, capable of eight frequencies from 31 kHz to 8 MHz. ...
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Asynchronous Communications with the PICmicro® USART
Description: Many PICmicro microcontroller devices have a builtin USART and it is one of the most commonly used serial interface peripherals. It is also known as the Serial Communications Interface, or SCI. The ...
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Basic PIC16/17 Oscillator Design
Description: The oscillator circuit is one of the most overlooked areas of microprocessor circuit design. Components are usually selected based on the manufacturers tables. If the circuit starts up and works, ...
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Basic PIC16/17 Oscillator Design
Description: The oscillator circuit is one of the most overlooked areas of microprocessor circuit design. Components are usually selected based on the manufacturers tables. If the circuit starts up and works, ...
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Basic PICmicro® Oscillator Design
Description: The oscillator circuit for almost any microcontroller is a fairly simple design with very few components. Selecting the values for capasitors and resistors from the manufacturer's data books will get ...
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Bipolar PICmicro® Power Systems
Description: This technical brief describes how a PICmicro microcontroller can be made to run with bipolar power. The PICmicro microcontroller can even generate its own negative power supply with no software ...
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Bipolar PICmicro® Power Systems
Description: This technical brief describes how a PICmicro microcontroller can be made to run with bipolar power. The PICmicro microcontroller can even generate its own negative power supply with no software ...
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Bridge Sensing with the MCP6S2X PGAs
Description: Resistive sensors configured as Wheatstone bridges are primarily used to sense pressure, temperature or loads. An external A/D converter (ADC) and a digitally Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA) can ...
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Care and Feeding of the PIC16C74 and Its Peripherals
Description: The PIC16C74 is one of the latest mid-range microcontrollers from Microchip Technology Inc. In this article we will be addressing a few of the new features and peripherals of this new part. The main ...
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Communicating With The MCP3221 Using PICmicro® Microcontrollers
Description: The MCP3221 12-bit A/D Converter (ADC) communicates using a standard 2-wire I2C compatible interface. This application note will cover communications between this device and a PICmicro ...
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Communicating With The MCP3221 Using PICmicro® Microcontrollers
Description: The MCP3221 12-bit A/D Converter (ADC) communicates using a standard 2-wire I2C compatible interface. This application note will cover communications between this device and a PICmicro ...
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Connecting a PICmicro® Microcontroller to a Standard Analog Telephone Line
Description: This application note describes how to connect a PICmicro microcontroller device to a standard analog telephone line in order to send and receive single and multiple frequency signals through ...
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Converting from Motorola® HC08 to Microchip Assembler: A Quick Reference
Description: When migrating assembly language programs from one family of microcontrollers to another, the first question is almost always: ?What?s the equivalent opcode?? Some operations, like addition and ...
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Designing Loop Antennas for the rfPIC12F675
Description: This application note describes the design of a singleended loop antenna for rfPIC12F675 transmitters. The PCB design will cover all 3 frequency bands from 290 MHz through 930 MHz with a few component ...
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External Memory Interfacing Techniques for the PIC18F8XXX
Description: The PIC18FXXXX family offers the largest range of on-chip enhanced FLASH program memory and the richest selection of peripherals in the current line of Microchip microcontrollers. The PIC18F8XXX ...
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FLASH Memory Technology: Considerations for Application Design
Description: Many times, choosing a FLASH memory device is driven by which manufacturer has the cheapest offering. Regardless of its use as a stand-alone device or as the program memory of a microcontroller, what ...
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Hardware Techniques for PICmicro Microcontrollers
Description: It is the responsibility of engineers to get the most performance and capability out of the resources available. In this application note, we present ideas that have helped previous designs reduce ...
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How to Modify the PICDEM LIN for the MCP201
Description: This document describes how to modify the PICDEM LIN for use with a MCP201. The PICDEM LIN is equipped with an engineering version of the Microchip LIN bus transceiver. The transceiver can be replaced ...
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Implementing FIR and IIR Digital Filters Using PIC18 Microcontrollers
Description: The Microchip PICmicro® PIC18 family of microcontrollers are popularly known for their logic and controlling functions. In addition, these microcontrollers have built-in hardware multipliers and ...
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Integrating Converter Analog Processor (TC500A)
Description: Today, design engineers rely more on microprocessors and microcontrollers to support their applications. Compatible analog-to- digital (A/D) and digital-to-analog (A/D) converters have greatly ...
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Interfacing Microchip's Fan Speed Controllers to a SPI™
Description: Microchip's TC642, TC643, and TC646 are the world's first integrated circuits dedicated for controlling and monitoring fan speed. The new family of fan speed controllers modulate fan speed to ...
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Interfacing The MCP23016 I/O Expander With The PIC16F877A
Description: This application note describes how to use a PIC16F877A as an I2C master to communicate with the Microchip MCP23016 I2C I/O Expander slave device. ...
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LightKeeper Automotive Lighting Control Module
Description: This Application Note describes an automotive exterior lighting control module using a PIC16C433. This unit also communicates over a Local Interconnect Network (LIN) bus as a slave controller. The ...
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Low Cost USB Microcontroller Programmer The building of the PICkit™ 1 FLASH Starter Kit
Description: The PICkit™ 1 FLASH Starter Kit is a low cost programmer for Microchip's 8/14-pin FLASH microcontrollers. On the surface, the PICkit 1 is an easy to use programmer. What may not be so obvious to ...
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Manipulating the Stack of the PIC18 Microcontroller
Description: Traditionally, the microcontroller stack has only been used as a storage space for return addresses of sub-routines or interrupt routines, where all ?push? and ?pop? operations were hidden. For the ...
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Matching Small Loop Antennas to rfPIC(TM) Devices
Description: In close proximity to the human body, small loop antennas outperform small dipole and monopole antennas [1]. Their size, robustness and low manufacturing cost have made small loops the most popular ...
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Measuring Temperature with the PIC16F84A Watchdog Timer Application Note
Description: Almost all temperature sensor circuits use some form of discrete component (such as a thermistor or a solid-state sensor) to actually measure the environment?s temperature. It is left to the ...
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Numerical Integration Techniques (TC7109)
Description: By using low-cost microprocessors and a program-controlled numerical-integration technique, you can achieve good noise rejection and take full advantage of the higher speeds offered by recently ...
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Paralleling the TC1121 to Reduce Output Resistance for Driving Higher Load Currents (TC1121)
Description: Microchip Technology's TC1121 is a charge pump voltage converter specified to have a 100mA output current capability. The TC1121 has the benefits of selecting different internal charge pump switching ...
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PIC18C CAN Routines in 'C'
Description: The Microchip PIC18C family of microcontrollers provides an integrated Controller Area Network (CAN) solution, along with other PICmicro ® features. Although originally intended for the ...
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PIC18XXX8 CAN Driver with Prioritized Transmit Buffer
Description: The Microchip PIC18XXX8 family of microcontrollers provide an integrated Controller Area Network (CAN) solution along with other PICmicro® features. Although originally intended for the ...
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PICmicro Microcontroller Firmware Flow Chart of MCRF45X Demo Reader
Description: Firmware Flow Chart ...
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Pin-Compatible CMOS Upgrades to Bipolar LDOs
Description: Bipolar low dropout regulators (LDOs) have become common place in a variety of portable applications, such as cell phones, pagers and PDAs. Their popularity stems from small packaging, high output ...
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RFID Tag and COB Development Guide with Microchip's RFID Devices
Description: A passive RFID tag contains an RFID integrated circuit (IC), resonant capacitor (C), and antenna (L), as shown in Figure 1. The antenna and capacitor form a parallel LC resonant circuit. The LC ...
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Selecting a Processor Reset IC
Description: Microcontroller and microprocessor based systems rely on processor supervisory functions to insure stable operation. The most basic of all these functions is managing the processor reset input. To ...
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Sensing Air Flow with the PIC16C781
Description: Programmable Switch Mode Controllers (PSMC) are not just for switching power supplies. This technical brief describes how to use the PIC16C781 PSMC in combination with the Integrated Operational ...
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Smart Air Handler using ProMPT™ and the PIC18F2539
Description: In many heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) applications, air handler motors are either off, or on at full speed. However, by adding variable speed control to the air handler, ...
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TC7109 Records Remote Data Automatically
Description: A Microchip Technology analog-to-digital converter, a 2K-byte CMOS static RAM, and some gates and counters can be combined to form a low-cost, flexible, standalone data logging system. All the ICs are ...
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TC7660 Powers RS232 Data Loop (TC7660, TC7660H, TC7660S)
Description: For reliable operation the optoisolator should be biased to saturation, so: IOPTO = + = 2k The introduction of single-voltage EPROMS and dynamic RAMs has permitted designers to produce complete ...
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Understanding and Using Supervisory Circuits
Description: This application note discusses what microcontroller supervisory devices are, why they are needed and some factors to consider when choosing one. Supervisory devices is a broad term that encompasses ...
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Upgrading from the MCP2510 to the MCP2515
Description: The MCP2510 stand-alone CAN controller was originally developed to give CAN system and module designers more flexibility in their design by allowing them to choose the best processor for their ...
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Bridging the PCI Express Interconnect Divide
Description: While the transition from PCI and PCI-X to PCI Express® took some time, few that will argue that PCI Express is now the ubiquitous interconnect available on the latest chipsets and processors. ...
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Adding a simple 4-channel 8-bit A/D to a PIC17C4X
Description: The PIC17C4X high end microcontroller family, offered by Microchip, has many features which make it one of the fastest 8-bit microcontrollers in the industry. However one feature which is missing is ...
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Apple Desktop Bus
Description: The purpose of this application note is to introduce a PIC16CXXX based ADB interface which can be used as a basis for the development of custom ADB devices. This application note describes; the ...
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Clock Design Using Low Power/Cost Techniques
Description: Typical embedded control applications place demands such as low power consumption, small size, low cost and reduced component count onto the microcontroller. This application note implements a 24-hour ...
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Communicating with IIC Bus Using PIC16C5X
Description: The Microchip Technology Inc.?s 24CXX and 85CXX Serial EEPROMs feature a two wire serial interface bus. The bus protocol is I 2 C compatible. Interface to a serial port with I 2 C bus protocol in a ...