any protective measure or control that is prescribed to meet the security requirements specified for a system. Safeguards may include but are not necessarily limited to hardware and software security features, operating procedures, accountability procedures, access and distribution controls, management constraints, personnel security, and physical structures, areas, and devices. Also sometimes specifically called security safeguards. See also countermeasure and control.
a story of a program that takes advantage of very active systems to make incremental changes. The usual tale is of a banking system that siphons fractions of a penny at a time into the programmer s account. In spite of the lack of evidence for the existence of attacks of this type, increasing numbers of security books make reference to it.
random data added to small amounts of information, such as passwords or session keys, prior to encryption to make dictionary attacks (a type of brute force attack) more difficult or time consuming. When used, salt is generally placed in front of the encrypted data. The concepts of challenge/response, initialization vector, nonce, and seed are closely related. Challenge/response is generally used in regard to password and authentication schemes, initialization vector to block ciphers, nonce to short, automated network messages, and salt to password storage. Salt is also what you should take any guarantee of perfect security with a large grain of.
hacker (technically astute individual) who hires out for legal cracking...
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