Introduction to Marketing Concepts

Chapter 3: Environmental Factors

About this chapter

This chapter explores the environmental factors within which the marketing activities of an organization take place. The chapter also outlines the process of PEST analysis, industry analysis, competitor analysis and market analysis. The use of various approaches to facilitate an analysis of the environmental factors facing an organization, in particular the Five Forces model and strategic groups, are covered.

3.1 Introduction

An analysis of the external environment is undertaken in order to discover the opportunities and threats that are evolving and that need to be addressed by the organization. A study by Diffenbach (1983) identified a number of positive consequences that stem from carrying out an organized environmental analysis (see Figure 3.1).

Awareness of environmental changes by management:

  • Enhanced ability to anticipate problems arising in the longer term

  • Senior management awareness of a range of possible futures and their effect on the organization

  • Greater inclination to act in advance of changes

Industry and market analysis:

  • Quality of market and product forecasts improved

  • Identification of changes in buyer behaviour as a result of changes in social trends

  • Ability to identify future needs and anticipate new products

Strategic planning and decision-making:

  • More flexibility and adaptability in plans as they reflect greater awareness of political events and economic cycles

  • Scope of perspectives broadened

  • Organization has greater ability to allocate resources to opportunities arising due to environmental change

Diversification and resource allocation:

  • Ability to focus resources in business areas that have long-term attractiveness

  • Guides the acquisitions process

  • Move away from products...

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