TABLE OF CONTENTS The handling and processing of reactor- or accelerator-produced radionuclides usually has to be carried out in specially designed radiochemistry laboratories with controlled ventilation and air conditioning, shielded remote handling facilities, and radioactive waste collection and storage tanks (Mausner 1999). In most cases involving processing of reactor or cyclotron targets, radiation shielding for the personnel is required. At lower dose levels this may be as simple as some stacked lead bricks inside a standard chemical fume hood, providing some whole body shielding, but no shielding for hands and arms. For pure beta emitters, small lucite disks mounted on tongs to shield the hands are all that is necessary. At higher levels of gamma radiation, a completely enclosed hot box or hot cell will be required. Hot cells usually have 10 20 cm of lead encased in steel panels for the walls or 50 100 cm of concrete, along with lead glass windows and master slave manipulators.
