Natural pesticides and other biocontrol rational are indeed the future of IPM, particularly as the consumer demand in developed countries for organically cultivated produce is increasing. Plants would be the major source of future pesticides and medicines. Globalization, intellectual property rights and international patenting have accelerated bioprospecting in the tropical countries by multinational corporations and scientists from Western countries. So far, the research and development of botanical formulations such as neem has been more amateurish , compared with the professionalism in the development of synthetic pesticides.

Tropical countries must maximize their resources by initiating holistic approach within each country and share it with others by establishing South-South collaboration. It would accelerate national bioprospecting activities, leading to commercial development of natural products at a lower cost. India and Singapore have the expertise, infrastructure for science and technology and natural and financial resources to launch an international joint venture programme on developing botanical formulations and other natural products.