1.1 Introduction

Optics is dealing with the propagation of electromagnetic wave and interaction of substance with electromagnetic radiation in light frequency. The former is geometric Optics and the later is molecular Optics. Optical glasses, which used for optics purposes are mainly light transmission media developed in 1880s by R&D works of Abbe and Schott in Germany. Manufacture of optical glass possessed mysterious and secret characters for a long time. After one century scientific research and development, the design of physical properties and chemical composition, as well as manufacturing technology have been put on modern scientific bases. ^{[1] [2] [3]} Optical glasses have also been developed from three dimensional (bulk materials) to low dimensional (thin films and fibers), which play an important role in modern optical and optoelectronic engineering.

Photonics is dealing with the photon generation and detection, as well as stimulated emission, photon frequency conversion and polarization change. The invention of laser in the middle of last century was a great event for development of photonics, while photonics becomes more and more important in information science and engineering. The first definition of "Photonics" in 9th International Symposium on High Speed Photograph in 1970 was as following: "Photonics is a systematic science concerning the photon as the information carrier". Since photon-propagation speed ( 10 ¹² cm/s) is much higher than electron propagation speed (10 ⁹ cm/s), therefore, photonic devices have very short time response and super-high information capacity for single channel. As 21st century is the multi-media...