Advanced Control Unleashed: Plant Performance Management for Optimum Benefit

| A | = heat transfer area (ft 2) | |
| A r | = cross sectional area of reactor (ft 2) | |
| AVP | = actual valve position (%) | |
| AR 180 | = amplitude ratio at a phase shift of -180 degrees | |
| C Ao | = mass fraction of component A in reactor outlet | |
| C Af | = mass fraction of component A in reactor feed | |
| C c | = heat capacity of cold fluid (btu/lb* oF) | |
| C f | = heat capacity of feed to reactor (btu/lb* oF) | |
| C h | = heat capacity of hot fluid (btu/lb* oF) | |
| C r | = heat capacity of liquid in reactor (btu/lb* oF) | |
| C j | = heat capacity of liquid in jacket (btu/lb* oF) | |
| CO | = controller output (%) | |
| CV | = controlled variable (%) | |
| DB | = dead band (%) | |
| E i | = integrated error (e.u.) | |
| E o | = open loop error (e.u.) | |
| E x | = peak error (e.u.) | |
| f n | = natural frequency (cycles/hr) | |
| F a | = agitator pumping rate (lb/hr) | |
| F c | = coolant makeup flow (lb/hr) | |
| F ci | = cold fluid inlet flow to exchanger (lb/hr) | |
| F f | = feed flow to reactor (lb/hr) | |
| F hi | = hot fluid inlet flow to exchanger (lb/hr) | |
| F ho | = hot fluid outlet flow from exchanger (lb/hr) | |
| F hb | = hot fluid bypass flow around exchanger (lb/hr) | |
| F j | = jacket... |