11.2 Purpose

In this chapter, broadband network testbeds, trials, and projects that promote the development of next-generation telecommunications applications and services are explored. Distinguishing characteristics of telecommunications technologies that provision the infrastructure for next-generation networks are described.

This chapter begins with an examination of the NGI (Next-Generation Internet) and major NGI initiatives. The contributions of research centers, supercomputing facilities, educational institutions, government agencies, and industries that sponsor development of the NGI and carry out government-funded projects to facilitate NGI implementations are highlighted. Distinctive attributes of NRENs (National Research and Education Networks) that employ advanced network technologies, architectures, and protocols to overcome Internet constraints and accommodate accelerated network performance demands are described. Capabilities of next-generation configurations that enable secure transborder teleresearch, telemedicine services, distance education programs for student populations and lifelong learners, and sophisticated applications are reviewed. Technical features and functions of information grids and digital library configurations are presented.