TABLE OF CONTENTS In the beginning of radio development, mobile communication systems were conceived for the transmission and receiving of telegraphy and telephony signals via antenna from ships, cars, trains and aircraft. The consideration of antenna transmission is inevitable, especially in GMSC systems, where their propagation characteristics are much affected by different and changeable local environments during movement of mobile and differ greatly from those observed in fixed satellite systems. To create antenna hardware for mobile GMSC systems, engineers have to consider all related factors in order to realize full mechanical and transmission potentials.
This chapter describes antenna characteristics, requirements and basic relations of antenna systems; considerable antenna classification for maritime, land, aeronautical and personal satellite applications for ships, vehicles (tracks, buses, cars and trains), aircraft (airplanes and helicopters) and integrated solutions with GSM antenna on the top of handheld phones; retrospective of all antenna configurations for GMSC, such as low-gain omnidirectional antennas, three principal divisions of medium-gain directional antennas and three types of high-gain directional aperture antennas and finally, all type of antennas are presented for particular MSC systems and antenna mounting and tracking systems.
The Russian professor of physics Popov designed his first world's radio receiver in 1895 with antenna in the shape of wire mounted on a balloon in the air and transmitter with a lightning conductor as an antenna, including a metal filings coherer and a detector element with telegraph relay and a bell. Soon later, Marconi started commercially...
