Floyd Hasselriis

Ash residues from combustion of municipal solid waste generally represent about 25 percent of the incoming waste. These residues are generally in a wet condition when disposed, adding up to 25 to 50 percent to the weight. Consequently, disposal of ash residues imposes a substantial increment to the total cost of operation of a WTE facility. Public apprehensions concerning the environmental effect of ash residues have imposed additional costs of testing and processing.

In the United States, where space for landfills is ample, landfilling of ash residues can be supported. The situation in Europe and Japan is entirely different. Land is scarce and extremely valuable for general uses and agriculture. Hence, in Europe landfilling of ash residues has been restricted, and recycling and beneficial use of these residues has been encouraged, both economically and by favorable regulations.

Ash residues from combustion of MSW need to be disposed of in an environmentally sound and economical manner. Whether placed in landfills or beneficially used, account must be taken of their characteristics and the effect of ash management procedures on their properties, and their environmental impact. The cost of landfill disposal provides an incentive to develop beneficial uses.