Optical Communications Rules of Thumb

Appendix A: Useful Values and Conversions

Overview

The following collection of values represent frequently needed information and conversion factors for the EO telecom practitioner. This eclectic collection consist of constants, conversions, and definitions categorized by the authors' whims. Although sometimes supplied, the authors are not encouraging the use of discouraged and archaic units. Such units are included here only as a help with their translation to more accepted SI units.

Angular Measurement

Degree (angle)

0.01745 radians
17.5 milliradians
60 minutes
3600 seconds
17,452 microradians

Radian

0.159 of the circumference
57.296 degrees
3438 minutes
2.06 x 10 5 seconds

Steradian

0.08 of total solid angle

RPM

6 degrees/second
0.0167 revolutions/second
0.105 radians/second

RPS

21,600 degrees/minute

Area Measurements

Square centimeter

1.076 x10 3 feet 2
0.155 inches 2
1 x 10 4 meters 2

Square mil

645 microns 2

Square inch

6.452 centimeters 2

Square foot

939 centimeters 2
0.092 meters 2

dBm to Watts

dBm to watts

1 pW = 90 dBm
1 nW = 60 dBm
1 W = 30 dBm
1 mW = 10 dBm
10 mW = +10 dBm

Density Measurements

Density of Water (4 C, 760 mm Hg)

1 g/centimeter 3
1000 kilograms/meter 3
62.43 pounds/foot 3
0.036 pounds/inch 3

Grams/Centimeter 3

0.036 pounds/inch 3
64.2 pounds/foot 3

Pounds/inch 3

27.7 grams/centimeter 3

Electromagnetic Spectrum in Nanometers

Gamma Rays

< 1

X-rays

1 20

Ultraviolet

20 to 400

Visible

400 to 750

Near Infrared

750 to 1200

Short-Wave Infrared

1200 to 3000

Mid-Wave Infrared

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