TABLE OF CONTENTS Electric radiant heating panelis defined as a flat surface from which at least 50 percent of energy transfer is accomplished through radiation from the electrically powered panel. The source of the energy that produces heat radiation from the panel surface is the product of electric geothermal, or resistance heat, processes. Electric geothermal heat pumps extend the option of electric radiant heating and cooling to hydronic design.
Electric radiant heating panels include concealed and visible panels that cover or encompass a large or small fraction of a wall, floor, or ceiling. Panel form includes discrete surface-mounted, recessed, or suspended ceiling units; recessed or surface-mounted wall units; embedded floor, ceiling, or wall cables, wire, and mats; and hydronic tubing circulating an electrically heated or earth- or evaporative-cooled fluid.
Electric radiant heating panels are used in residential, commercial, institutional, and industrial buildings. Most electric radiant heaters in the United States are available in 120, 208, and 240 V. Some types are available in commercial voltages of 277 and 480 V. To maintain rated wattage output, electric heaters must be operated at nameplate voltage. Foreign voltages, which are often different, would require products designed to operate at the specific voltage specified.
Electric radiant heating panels and/or their components are subjected to a series of specific safety tests, procedures, and inspections by recognized testing agencies, and sometimes are required under national, local, or foreign electrical codes. Components and connection wire may have stamped or printed certification or listing marks.
