Gyroscopes Specifications

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Type


	Type		The technology used to sense the angular / rotary rate.
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	Optical		Optical gyros permit the reflection of a laser ray many times within an enclosure. If the enclosure rotates, the duration between the moment of laser emittance and eventual reception is different. With ring laser gyros (RLF), the laser reflection is achieved with mirrors inside the enclosure. With fiber optic gyros (FOG), the laser reflection is achieved with a coil of optical fiber. The laser emitter deteriorates over time, however, and the fiber is fragile and has a limited life.
	Spinning Mass		Spinning mass gyros use a steadily-moving mass with a free-moving axis (gimbal). They are very fragile and require regular maintenance. When a spinning mass gyro is titled, the gyroscopic effect causes precession – motion orthogonal to the direction tilt sense – along the axis of the rotating mass, indicating that the angle has moved. Because mechanical constraints cause numerous error factors, the axis of a spinning mass gyro is usually fixed with springs. Spring tension is proportional to the precession speed. Dry-tuned gyros or dynamically-tuned gyros are spinning mass gyros that are designed to cause very small mechanical constraints once the spinning speed reaches the specified speed. A dynamically-tuned gyro should not be confused with a gyrocompass, a large spinning-mass device that is made to rotate and maintain the same direction as the earth’s rotation. Gyrocompasses provide true north readings at all times, whereas dry-tuned gyros provide information about the relative change of angles.
	Vibrating		Vibrating gyros use micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) technology and a vibrating, quartz tuning fork to measure Coriolis force. When rotated, a vibrating element (vibrating resonator) is subjected to the Coriolis effect, causing secondary vibration orthogonal to the original vibrating direction. By sensing the secondary vibration, the gyro can detect the rate of turn. Some vibrating gyros are called piezo, ceramic, or quartz gyros because they use the piezo-electric effect to exert and detect vibration. Note, however, that vibration and detection do not necessarily use the piezo effect. Most piezo, ceramic, and quartz gyros are mass-produced and require little maintenance. Products that use a tuning fork or beam-shaped (often triangular) vibrating element with solid support to the base or case may not be able to distinguish between secondary vibration and external vibration. Dumpers that affect rotational motion only worsen the gyro’s response. As a result, some suppliers use a ring-shaped element that is suspended by spokes and vibrates up and down in a squeezed, oval-shaped motion. With this design, external vibration does not cause the squeezed, oval vibration mode. The lateral-only suspension from the surrounding spokes protects the element from linear vibrations and shocks regardless of how the gyro is strapped down to the base.
	Other		Other unlisted, specialized, or proprietary angular technologies.
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Degrees-of-freedom


	Angular / Rotary Axes		Angular axes may be referred to as yaw, pitch, and roll. Yaw is rotation about the normal axis (the axis perpendicular to the pitch and roll axes). Pitch is rotation around the lateral or transverse axis. This axis is parallel to the wings, thus the nose pitches up and the tail down, or vice-versa. Roll is rotation around the longitudinal axis: an axis drawn through the body of the vehicle from tail to nose. This is also known as bank.
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	Uniaxial		Uniaxial units sense the angular rate around a single axis.
	Biaxial		Biaxial units sense the angular rate around two orthogonal (perpendicular) axes. Two-axis rate sensors may consist of two single-axis gyros that are packaged together.
	Triaxial		Triaxial units sense the angular rate around three orthogonal (perpendicular) axes. Three-axis rate sensors may consist of three single-axis gyros that are packaged together.
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Angular Rate Specifications


	Angular Rate Range		Angular rate range is the maximum rotary rate for which the gyro is rated. If one product or series can be configured for different rates, then the range of maxima is listed.
	Search Logic:		User may specify either, both, or neither of the "At Least" and "No More Than" values. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria.

	Linearity		Angular linearity or rotary axis linearity is measured over an operating temperature range as a percentage (±) of full scale. It is sometimes referred to as linearity, non-linearity, or accuracy.
	Search Logic:		All matching products will have a value less than or equal to the specified value.

	Bandwidth		Angular bandwidth is the frequency range over which the device meets accuracy specifications before rolling off. Because gyros are almost always capable of DC response, only the high-frequency 3-dB roll off point is included. This search returns only those devices with a roll off frequency that exceeds the requirements.
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	Angular Transverse Sensitivity		Angular transverse sensitivity is the maximum output signal due to rotation about an axis orthogonal to the sensitive axis under consideration. It is expressed as a percentage of the orthogonal input angular velocity. Angular transverse sensitivity is a measure of imperfection. A perfect gyro would be insensitive to rotation in a direction exactly orthogonal to the sensitive direction, but no device is perfect.
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	Bias Stability		Bias stability is the angular error or drift over time at a constant temperature.
	Search Logic:		User may specify either, both, or neither of the "At Least" and "No More Than" values. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria.

	Random Walk		Random walk is the noise value for the angular rates.
	Search Logic:		User may specify either, both, or neither of the "At Least" and "No More Than" values. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria.

	Rate vs. Rate-integrating Gyro
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	Rate Gyro		Rate gyros are generally single degree-of-freedom (SDOF) devices with a primarily elastic restraint of the spin axis about the output axis. The output signal is produced by precession of the gimbal, which is proportional to the angular rate of the case about the input axis. Most modern gyroscopes are rate gyros.
	Rate-integrating Gyro		Rate-integrating gyros are generally single degree-of-freedom (SDOF) devices with a primarily viscous restraint of the spin axis about the output axis. The output signal is produced by precession of the gimbal, which is proportional to the integral of the angular rate of the case about the input axis.
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Physical Specifications


	Maximum Dimension		Maximum dimension represents the largest dimension (length, width, height, or diameter) and indicates the device's size.
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	Weight		The overall weight of the unit.
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Output Options


	Electrical Output
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	Analog Voltage		Devices produce analog DC voltage outputs such as ±5 V, 0 - 10 V, etc.
	Current Loop		Devices produce current loop outputs such as 0 - 20mA, 4 -20 mA, 10 - 50mA, etc.
	Pulse / Frequency		The control output is an analog frequency value, a pulse train, or a similar variable.
	Switch / Relay Output		The output is a switch or relay that can be "on" or "off".
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Features


	RoHS		Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) is a European Union (EU) directive that requires all manufacturers of electronic and electrical equipment sold in Europe to demonstrate that their products contain only minimal levels of the following hazardous substances: lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyl and polybrominated diphenyl ether. RoHS will become effective on July 1, 2006.
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	Features
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	Intrinsically Safe		Intrinsically safe (IS) describes equipment and wiring which is incapable of releasing sufficient electrical or thermal energy under normal or abnormal conditions to cause ignition of a specific hazardous atmospheric mixture in its most ignited concentration. The IS terminations and wiring may be brought into any hazardous location of any group classification for which it is accepted, without requiring explosion-proof housing or other means of protection.
	Data Recorder		The inertial and gyro system is a sensor/recorder that tags all events with time and data to provide a history of the dynamic environment.
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Environment


	Operating Temperature		The temperature range over which the device must operate.
	Search Logic:		User may specify either, both, or neither of the limits in a "From - To" range; when both are specified, matching products will cover entire range. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria.

Gyroscopes Specifications

Type:

Angular / Rotary Axes:

Angular Rate Range:

Linearity:

Bandwidth:

Angular Transverse Sensitivity:

Bias Stability:

Random Walk:

Rate vs. Rate-integrating Gyro:

Maximum Dimension:

Weight:

Electrical Output:

RoHS?

Features:

Operating Temperature:

Help with Gyroscopes specifications: