A major tire and rubber manufacturer needed to heat a 26% PVC slurry ahead of centrifuge dewatering, but its existing direct-contact steam heater caused violent steam hammer and allowed slurry to back...

A pulp and paper manufacturer unloading sodium chlorate railcars was leaving 10-20% of the product undissolved because its water was not reliably at the right temperature, forcing costly returns while...

A packaging mill heating green liquor ahead of the lime slaker suffered severe steam hammer, vibration and internal component damage from an externally modulated steam heater, whose pressure-based...