Appendix A: Glossary

Numbers

The terms below are those used in this book for which alternative definitions may be provided in ISO 9000. For other terms the reader is directed to ISO 9000.

3 Ms.

These are three Japanese words associated with lean production

M1	Muda (Waste)
M2	Muri (Overburden)
M3	Mura (Unevenness)

5 Why's.

These typically refer to the practice of asking, five times, why a failure has occurred in order to get to the root cause.

5 Ss.

These Japanese words apply to the visual management of a workspace

S1	Seiri (straighten up). Differentiate between the necessary and unnecessary and discard the unnecessary
S2	Seiton (put things in order). Put things in order
S3	Seido (clean up). Keep the workplace clean
S4	Seiketsu (personal cleanliness). Make it a habit to be tidy
S5	Shitsuke (discipline). Follow the procedures

6 Ms.

These are the six words that are used to title the arms in a fishbone diagram. The words vary but the most commonly used Ms are:

M1	Machines
M2	Methods
M3	Materials
M4	Measurements
M5	Milieu (Surrounding Environment)
M6	Manpower

One could also add Money, Management.

7 Wastes.

These are

W1	Overproduction
W2	Excess inventory
W3	Waiting time
W4	Unnecessary transportation
W5	Unnecessary movement
W6	Overprocessing or incorrect processing
W7	Defects

8D.

A problem-solving method that is structured into eight disciplined steps. The eight basic steps are:

D1	Establish a team
D2	Describe the problem
D3	Implement and verify short-term corrective actions
D4	Define and verify root cause