Summary of requirements

Product Realization as expressed in Section 7 of ISO 9001 is the Demand Fulfilment Process referred to previously that has interfaces with Resource Management and Demand Creation processes. It is also the Order to Cash process implying that the inputs are orders and the output is cash, therefore it would include the invoicing and banking activities. However, the Product Realization requirements include requirements for purchasing, a process that could fit as comfortably under resource management because it is not limited to the acquisition of components but is a process that is used for acquiring all physical resources including services. Section 7 also includes requirements for control of measuring devices which would fit more comfortably into Section 8 but it omits the control of nonconforming product which is more to do with handling product than measurement. Product realization does not address demand creation or marketing. The demand has already been created when the customer approaches the organization with either an order or invitation to tender. Note that Demand Creation is addressed by the standard only through Clause 5.2 and that product design is located in Section 7 simply because it refers to the design of customer specific products. If the products were designed in order to create a demand this work process would be part of Demand Creation.

If we link the requirements together in a cycle (indicating the headings...