Biomedical Optics

Chapter 10 - Mueller Optical Coherence Tomography

10.1.   INTRODUCTION

Mueller optical coherence tomography (Mueller OCT) was conceived to image
the polarization properties of biological tissue on the basis of polarizationsensitive
detection. Although OCT is analogous to ultrasonography in general,
polarization exists in transverse optical waves but not in longitudinal ultrasonic
waves. As a result, Mueller OCT has no counterpart in ultrasonography.

10.2.   MUELLER CALCULUS VERSUS JONES CALCULUS

The term Mueller calculus refers to the use of the Stokes vector and the Mueller
matrix in polarimetry, whereas Jones calculus refers to the use of the Jones
vector and matrix. The Stokes vector can quantify the polarization state of any
light, whereas the Jones vector can quantify the polarization state of completely
polarized light only. The effect of a medium on the polarization state of light can
be represented by a Mueller or a Jones matrix; the former operates on a Stokes
vector, and the latter operates on a Jones vector. If the medium does not degrade
the degree of polarization, the Mueller and the Jones matrices are equivalent, and
both are applicable; otherwise, only the Mueller matrix is applicable. Because
coherent detection in polarization-sensitive OCT always reports a unity degree of
polarization, both matrices apply to OCT. The Mueller matrix, however, clearly
separates the two major contrast mechanisms in OCT—backscattering (or back-
reflection) and polarization—and hence is preferable for presenting final images.
In this book, Mueller OCT refers to polarization-sensitive OCT based on either
the Mueller matrix or the Jones matrix.

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