Two main strategies or approaches emerge in the literature when considering the flow of knowledge throughout an enterprise. Different authors identify them differently; however, the purpose and essence are the same. For example, Denning (2000) categorizes the two approaches as the connecting and collecting dimensions ; Weidner (2000) names them connect and collect, and Hansen, Nohria, and Tierney (1999) describe them as codification and personalization. These two approaches represent the complex knowledge utilization throughout the enterprise. At the core of these conceptualizations is the notion that organizations are comprised of knowledgeproducing and knowledge-exchanging subsystems (Schulz, 2001). Therefore, the acquisition and sharing of knowledge are primary mechanisms in knowledge-based organizations.

We used the knowledge flow taxonomy developed by Hansen et al. (1999). The codification approach is generally defined as the formalization of tacit knowledge that is typically difficult to express or explain by developing processes that acquire it, or by developing mechanisms that allow this knowledge to become explicit, and then become documented. The codification strategy is based on a people-to-document approach, and it uses information systems to carefully codify knowledge and store it in a location that can be accessed and reused by everyone in the enterprise. An example of the codification approach can include an electronic document system that supports the life cycle (codifies, stores, disseminates and reuses) of the knowledge objects. The knowledge object can be key pieces of a document, an analysis, or something similar.

On the other hand, the personalization ...