Overview

In this chapter we present several fundamental networking concepts. We begin with an overview of network topologies, giving examples of the two most general designs on which most topologies are based: point-to-point and broadcast. Next, we examine the concept of network architecture. As part of this discussion we introduce the idea of "layering" and present the Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) networking model as an example of layered architecture. We conclude the chapter with an introduction to TCP/IP and show how it relates to the OSI model.

1. What is a network topology?

   A network topology is the basic design of a computer network. It is very much like a map of a road. It details how key network components such as nodes and links are interconnected. A network's topology is comparable to the blueprints of a new home in which components such as the electrical system, heating and air conditioning system, and plumbing are integrated into the overall design.

2. In which ways can nodes and links be interconnected?

   There are three general interconnection schemes: point-to-point, broadcast, and multidrop.

3. Start with point-to-point. What's that?

   A point-to-point network consists of nodes that can only communicate with adjacent nodes. It's like looking into a telescope and seeing only one planet out the eyepiece.

4. What do you mean by adjacent nodes?

   Adjacent nodes are nodes that are next to each other. Adjacency is typically expressed by stating the number of hops required for data to travel from...