TABLE OF CONTENTS This chapter introduces some of the main principles involved with substation control building and switchyard services. Such work is often left to specialist building services, engineering groups and architects. Therefore this chapter covers basic internal and external lighting design, heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) practice together with the different types of low voltage distribution systems in sufficient detail as likely to be encountered by the power engineer.
Light consists of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between 760 and 380 nm to which the eye is sensitive. This energy spectrum (red, orange, yellow, yellow-green, green, green-blue, blue and violet) lies between the infrared (700 2000 nm) and the ultraviolet (200 400 nm) wavelength ranges. Lighting schemes may be necessary for the following substation areas:
Indoor and outdoor schemes for control buildings and indoor switchrooms under both normal and emergency (loss of alternative current (AC) supply) conditions.
Floodlighting and emergency schemes for outdoor switchyards and door or gate access.
Security/access road lighting together with any supplementary lighting for video camera surveillance.
Enclosed transformer pen lighting.
Emergency lighting involves battery backup derived either from cells within the fittings or from the main substation DC supply. The units are designed to have a given autonomy such that upon AC failure the lighting continues to operate for a specified number of hours from the battery source.
The type of light source chosen for an unmanned substation control building or switchyard will be...
