Airworthiness: An Introduction to Aircraft Certification—A Guide to Understanding JAA, EASA, and FAA Standards

(a) JAR-OPS Part 1 prescribes requirements applicable to the operation of any civil aeroplane for the purpose of commercial air transportation by any operator whose principal place of business and [if any, its registered office] is in a JAA Member State. JAR-OPS 1 does not apply:
(1) to aeroplanes when used in military, customs, and police services; nor (2) to parachute dropping and fire-fighting flights, and to associated positioning and return flights in which the persons carried are those who would normally be carried on parachute dropping or firefighting; nor (3) to flights immediately before, during, or immediately after an aerial work activity provided these flights are connected with that aerial work activity and in which, excluding crew members, no more than six persons indispensable to the aerial work activity are carried.
JAR-OPS 1.030 Minimum equipment lists Operator's responsibilities
An operator shall establish, for each aeroplane, a minimum equipment list (MEL) approved by the authority.
An operator shall not operate an aeroplane other than in accordance with the MEL unless permitted by the authority. Any such permission will in no circumstances permit operation outside the constraints of the MMEL.
An operator shall not operate an aeroplane with an approved passenger seating configuration of more than 30 passengers on over-water flights at a distance from land suitable for making an emergency landing,...