Combustion Instabilities in Gas Turbine Engines: Operational Experience, Fundamental Mechanisms, and Modeling

Geo A. Richards [*] and Douglas L. Straub [ ]
U.S. Department of Energy, Morgantown, West Virginia
and
Edward H. Robey [ ]
Parsons Project Services, Morgantown, West Virginia
Copyright 2005 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. All rights reserved.
| Nomenclature | ||
| G | = | transfer function relating relative heat release to relative acoustic pressure (-) |
| H | = | transfer function relating relative acoustic pressure to relative heat release (-) |
| L | = | length, m |
| M | = | Mach number, ?/c (-) |
| P | = | time-average pressure, Pa |
| Q | = | time-average heat-release rate, W |
| R | = | acoustic transfer matrix for a cylindrical element |
| S | = | acoustic transfer matrix for a step expansion |
| T | = | gas temperature (K), or the acoustic transfer matrix for a damper |
| Z | = | acoustic impedance, p/ v, (ms) -1 |
| c | = | speed of sound (m/s) |
| f | = | frequency, Hz |
| k | = | stagnation pressure loss coefficient (-) |
| p | = | complex acoustic pressure, Pa |
| q' | = | complex amplitude of heat-release variation, W |
| s | = | cross-sectional area, m 2 |
| ? | = | ratio of specific heats |
| ? | = | the ratio of the speed of sound to area, c/s (ms) -1 |
| ? | = | bulk gas velocity, m/s |
| v | = | acoustic mass velocity, kg/s |
| ? | = | gas density, kg/m 3 |
| ? | = | the transfer function relating acoustic pressure to velocity... |