4.1 Atomic-electron binding energies

TABLES 1 3 list the atomic electron binding energies (Larkins 1977) for elements with Z=1 104. These binding energies are referenced to the Fermi level for solid systems, except for Ne, Cl, Ar, Br, Kr, Xe, and Rn, which are vapor phase systems where the binding energy is referenced to the vacuum level. The binding energy uncertainties are 1 2 eV for most subshells in the lighter elements or outer orbitals in the heavier elements, but may be 10 20 eV for the inner orbitals of heavy elements. Significant atomic-electron binding energy shifts for the non-valence shells may occur with changes of chemical state (Shirley et al. 1977).