With 179 Figures

Spronger

Professor Herbert Hopster
University of California
Department of Physics and Astronomy
Irvine, CA 92697 USA
E-mail: hhopster@uci.edu

Professor Hans Peter Oepen
Universit t Hamburg
Institut f r Angewandte Physik
und Zentrum f r Mikrostrukturforschung Jungiusstr. 11
20355 Hamburg, Germany
E-mail: hoepen@physnet.uni-hamburg.de

Series Editors:

Professor Dr. Phaedon Avouris
IBM Research Division, Nanometer Scale Science & Technology
Thomas J. Watson Research Center, P.O. Box 218
Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA

Professor Dr., Dres. h. c. Klaus von Klitzing
Max-Planck-Institut f r Festk rperforschung, Heisenbergstrasse 1
70569 Stuttgart, Germany

Professor Hiroyuki Sakaki
University of Tokyo, Institute of Industrial Science, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku
Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
Professor Dr. Roland Wiesendanger
Institut f r Angewandte Physik, Universit t Hamburg, Jungiusstrasse 11
20355 Hamburg, Germany

ISSN 1434-4904ISBN 3-540-40186-5 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York

Library of Congress Control Number: 2004104060

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