Appendix A: Critical Value Tables

Table A1: Critical values of t
Degrees of freedom N =	Level of significance for a one-tailed test
0.05	0.025	0.005
Level of significance for a two-tailed test
0.10	0.05	0.01
1	6.314	12.706	63.657
2	2.920	4.303	9.925
3	2.353	3.182	5.841
4	2.132	2.776	4.604
5	2.015	2.571	4.032
6	1.943	2.447	3.707
7	1.895	2.365	3.499
8	1.860	2.306	3.355
9	1.833	2.262	3.250
10	1.812	2.228	3.169
11	1.796	2.201	3.106
12	1.782	2.179	3.055
13	1.771	2.160	3.012
14	1.761	2.145	2.977
15	1.753	2.131	2.947
16	1.746	2.120	2.921
17	1.740	2.110	2.898
18	1.734	2.101	2.878
Remember: calculated t must be equal to 2 or exceed the critical value for the result to be significant at the level shown.

Table A2: Critical values of W
Degrees of freedom N =	Level of significance for a one-tailed test
0.05	0.025	0.01
Level of significance for a two-tailed test
0.10	0.05	0.002
1
2
3
4
5
6	2	0
7	3	2
8	5	3
9	8	5
10	11	8	0
Remember: calculated W must be equal to or less than the critical value for the result to be significant at the level shown.

Table A3: Critical values for U
n ¹
n ²	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
1

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