TABLE OF CONTENTS In the previous chapters, the SPH method has been applied to different types of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) problems without considering the physical strength of the media or material. This chapter presents the application of the SPH method to hydrodynamics with material strength. In addition, the adaptive smoothed particle hydrodynamics (ASPH) is introduced, The constitutive model and equation of state for materials with strength are incorporated into both the SPH and ASPH equations. Two examples of applications, a cylinder impacting on the rigid surface and a high velocity impact of a cylinder on a plate, are presented using both the SPH and ASPH.
Solids under extreme situations behave like fluids. Two typical situations are high velocity impact (HVI) and penetration. In HVI, the kinetic energy of the system dominates and forces the solid material to deform extremely and the material actually flows . In the events of penetration, the materials can even be broken into pieces that fly , in addition to the extremely large deformation.
One significant and challenging task has been focused on the simulation of hydrodynamics with material strength in high velocity impacts and penetration to study the effects of projectiles impacting upon space assets (satellites, space stations, shuttles). Since HVI and penetration processes usually involve large deformations, the simulation is generally difficult for traditional grid-based numerical methods such as the FEM and FDM, as discussed in detail in Chapter 1.
The SPH method is, on the other hand, a particularly suitable candidate for these types...
