Catalysis in Application
While combining a unique mix of chemistry and chemical engineering, this up-to-date text provides a snapshot of hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, chiral catalysis, environmental catalysis, and catalyst deactivation.
TABLE OF CONTENTS Catalysis in Application
Chapter 20: Multiphase Hydrogenation Reactors - Past, Present and Future
E H Stitt [1] , RP Fishwick [2] , R Natividad [3] & JM Winterbottom [4],
1 INTRODUCTION
Catalytic hydrogenation in multiphase systems has now been carried out commercially for over 100 years. The process is now used for a huge variety of reactions. Catalysts are predominantly heterogeneous, although the recent drive for enantiomeric selectivity in production routes for the pharmaceutical industry has prompted a significant growth in homogeneous catalysts, and going full circle immobilised homogeneous catalysts. Product values and volumes vary enormously; both over several orders of magnitude. Given this variety it is therefore maybe somewhat surprising that these reactions are carried out predominantly in one reactor type: the stirred tank reactor. And further that this type of reactor has been the staple of the industry for several hundreds of years.
[1]Synetix, Johnson Matthey, PO Box 1, Billingham, Cleveland, TS23 1LB
[2]School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT
[3]School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT
[4]School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT
2 MULTIPHASE CATALYTIC HYDROGENATION - AN OLD TECHNOLOGY
The hardening of oils and fats by hydrogenation is an important industrial process - with worldwide production of hardened oils in excess of four million tons. Product applications include edible oils, margarine, mayonnaise, frying fats, confectionary, cosmetics, tyres, plastics and many more. The application of this reaction is growing at a significant rate.
The invention of catalytic hydrogenation of tri-glycerides was made by Dr Wilhelm...
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