Chemical and Process Design Handbook
Invaluable to chemical and environmental engineers as well as process designers, this easy-to-read book shows you how to control chemical processes to yield desired effects efficiently and economically.
TABLE OF CONTENTS Chemical and Process Design Handbook
BARIUM SALTS BUTANE
BARIUM SALTS
The most common naturally occurring barium compounds are the mineral carbonate (witherite, BaCO 3) and the sulfate (barite, BaSO 4).
The manufacture of soluble barium salts involves treatment of the mineral (usually barite) with the relevant acid, filtration to remove insoluble impurities, and crystallization of the salt.
The high-temperature reduction of barium sulfate with coke yields the water-soluble barium sulfide (BaS), which is subsequently leached out. Treatment of barium sulfide with the relevant chemical yields the desired barium salt. Purification of the product is complicated by the impurities introduced in the coke. Pure barium carbonate and barium sulfate are made by precipitation from solutions of water-soluble barium salts.
Barite is ground, acid-washed, and dried to produce a cheap pigment or paper or rubber filler, or changed to blanc fixe.
The applications of barium compounds are varied and include use as oil-drilling mud. Barium carbonate is sometimes employed as a neutralizing agent for sulfuric acid and, because both barium carbonate and barium sulfate are insoluble, no contaminating barium ions are introduced. The foregoing application is found in the synthetic dyestuff industry.
Barium carbonate is used in the glass industry and in the brick and clay industry. When barium carbonate is added to the clay used in making bricks, it immobilizes the calcium sulfate and prevents it from migrating to the surface of the bricks and producing a whitish surface discoloration.
Barium sulfate is a useful white pigment, particularly in the precipitated form, blanc fixe
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