TABLE OF CONTENTS Optical transceiver modules have potential applications in various systems including Synchronous Optical Network (SONET), Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH), Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATD), Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), Fiber Channel, Fast Ethernet (FCFI) and Gigabit Ethernet (GE) [8]. These modules must meet the performance requirements for transmission, protocols standards and optical connectors used in high-speed fiber-channel applications. Various local and international companies have designed and developed transceiver modules with exceptional system performance requirements, while operating under severe environments.
The transceiver module converts the incoming light waves to electrical signals and outgoing electrical signals back to light. The optical transceiver is based on solid-state laser diode technology. The transceiver module is a printed circuit board (PCB) and the optical source is a tiny semiconductor chip: a light emitting diode (LED) or a laser diode. At optical frequencies in the near-infrared (Near-IR) region, the output of the solid-state laser can be modulated in tens of GHz leading to ultra-wide bandwidth.
In an optical transceiver, receiving port connects to incoming optical fibers, and a photodetector diode converts the light to electrical signals that are amplified, de-multiplexed and sent out for electrical interface. The photodetector requires an automatically power-controlled bias circuit (Figure 6.9) to provide a constant operating voltage. Electrical clock and data-bit signals are synthesized, latched and sent to the laser driver located in the transmitter module. The laser driver sends the signal as electrical current to the laser diode that converts the electrical energy...
