In the Bubble: Designing in a Complex World

1. Malcolm Gladwell, The Tipping Point (New York: Little Brown, 2000).
2. William Horton, Designing and Writing Online Documentation (New York: Wiley, 1994).
3. Edward O. Wilson, Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge (London: Little Brown, 1998).
4. Horton, Designing and Writing Online Documentation.
5. Ibid.
6. Peter Lyman and Hal R. Varian, How Much Information 2003? (research report, School of Information Management and Systems, University of California at Berkeley, 2003, available at http://www.sims.berkeley.edu/research/projects/how-much -info-2003).
7. For a theoretical analysis of the information explosion, see Pierre Levy, The Virtual Economy, available at http://www.chairetmetal.com/levy-ang2.htm.
8. Danny Hillis, High-Speed Information (presentation at Doors of Perception 4: Speed, Amsterdam, November 7, 1996).
9. A recent development is that several dozen companies, government agencies, and universities have banded together in the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). Homeland security rather than environmental awareness has prompted the move. In the words of its website (http://www.opengeospatial.org/), Timely, accurate geospatial information and geoprocessing services easily accessible and capable of being shared across federal, state, and local jurisdictions and multiple security levels are fundamental to Critical Infrastructure Protection. Homeland Security will be seriously hampered without the real-time ability to quickly visualize patterns of activity and understand the multi-layered, location-based context of emergency situations.
10. David Rokeby, Seen (presentation at Doors of Perception 7: Flow, Amsterdam, November 14 16, 2002, available on the Doors of Perception website at http://flow.doorsofperception.com/content/rokeby_trans.html).
11. The global market for such sensors will reach fifty billion dollars in 2008.