Overview

Wood is remarkable for its beauty, versatility, strength, durability, and workability. It possesses a high strength-to-weight ratio. It has flexibility. It performs well at low temperatures. It withstands substantial overloads for short periods. It has low electrical and thermal conductance. It resists the deteriorating action of many chemicals that are extremely corrosive to other building materials. There are few materials that cost less per pound than wood.

As a consequence of its origin, wood as a building material has inherent characteristics with which users should be familiar. For example, although cut simultaneously from trees growing side by side in a forest, two boards of the same species and size most likely do not have the same strength. The task of describing this nonhomogeneous material, with its variable biological nature, is not easy, but it can be described accurately, and much better than was possible in the past because research has provided much useful information on wood properties and behavior in structures.

Research has shown, for example, that a compression grade cannot be used, without modification, for the tension side of a deep bending member. Also, a bending grade cannot be used, unless modified, for the tension side of a deep bending member or for a tension member. Experience indicates that typical growth characteristics are more detrimental to tensile strength than to compressive strength. Furthermore, research has made possible better estimates of wood s engineering qualities. No longer is it necessary to use...