?

approximately equal to

defined as equal to ( a b: a is defined as b)

?

much greater than

?

much less than

multiplication operator

*

convolution operator

circular convolution operator

Kronecker product operator

, x ^{1/ n}

nth root of x

arg max[ f( x)]

value of x that maximizes the function f( x)

arg min[ f( x)]

value of x that minimizes the function f( x)

Co( )

convex hull of region

?( x)

the delta function

erfc( x)

the complementary error function

exp[ x]

e ^x

Im{ x}

imaginary part of x

I ₀( x)

modified Bessel function of the 0th order

J ₀( x)

Bessel function of the 0th order

( x)

Laplace transform of x

ln( x)

the natural log of x

log _x( y)

the log, base x, of y

log _x det[ A]

the log, base x, of the determinant of matrix A

max _x f( x)

maximum value of f( x) maximized over all x

mod _n( x)

x modulo n

N( , ? ²