Turning is one of the most common metalcutting operations. In turning, a stationary cutting tool (usually a single-point) is fed into a rotating workpiece along its periphery or across its end or face for removing chips to get the required shape and dimensions of a part.
Insert identification systems, kinematics, productivity, and dynamics of turning are described in this chapter.
Indexable inserts of various shapes, geometries, and dimensions are used in contemporary turning. Specifications for indexable inserts are given in American National Standard for Turning Tools (ANSI B212.12-1991) and in The International Standards Organization (ISO).
This system identifies indexable-type inserts by a special code of letters and numbers. Such a code consists of ten positions. Each position defines a characteristic of the insert in the following order: shape, clearance, tolerance class, type, size, thickness, cutting-point configuration, edge and surface preparations, hand, and manufacturer's option. Each position is described in accordance with ANSI B212.12-1991, p. 2.
The first position is a capital letter designated for the shape of an insert and its nose angle. The following sixteen letters are used (in alphabetical order):
A. parallelogram with 85 -nose angle,
B. parallelogram with 82 -nose angle,
C. diamond with 80 -nose angle,
D. diamond with 55 -nose angle,
E. diamond with 75 -nose angle,
H. hexagon, 120 -nose angle,
K. parallelogram with 55 -nose angle,
L. rectangle, 90 -nose angle,
M. diamond with 86 -nose angle,
O. octagon, 135 -nose angle,
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