From Handbook of Petroleum Refining Processes, Third Edition
- Chapter 10.1: CHEVRON LUMMUS GLOBAL ON-STREAM CATALYST REPLACEMENT TECHNOLOGY FOR PROCESSING HIGH-METAL FEEDS
- Chapter 10.2: THE ROSE PROCESS
- Chapter 10.3: UOP SORBEX FAMILY OF TECHNOLOGIES
- Chapter 10.4: UOP/FW USA SOLVENT DEASPHALTING PROCESS
- Chapter 10.5: UOP ISOSIV PROCESS
- Chapter 10.6: KEROSENE ISOSIV PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF NORMAL PARAFFINS
- Chapter 10.7: UOP MOLEX PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF NORMAL PARAFFINS
- Chapter 10.8: UOP OLEX PROCESS FOR OLEFIN RECOVERY
David E. Earls
Chevron Lummus Global
Richmond, California
INTRODUCTION
In processing less expensive, high-metal feeds, the need for frequent catalyst change-outs can make conventional fixed-bed residuum hydrotreating technology uneconomical. Chevron Lummus Global (CLG) developed on-stream catalyst replacement (OCR) to remove metals from feed before it is hydrotreated in fixed-bed residuum desulfurization (RDS) units. The ability to add and withdraw catalyst from the high-pressure, moving-bed OCR reactor while it is onstream gives refiners the opportunity to process heavier, high-metal feeds or to achieve deeper desulfurization while maintaining fixed-bed run lengths and improving product properties.
DEVELOPMENT HISTORY
Development of the OCR process started in 1979 as part of the research on new reactor concepts which might be applied to synthetic fuels and heavy oil upgrading. Most of these alternative fuels are difficult to upgrade to transportation fuels. Typically high in nitrogen, sulfur, and metals, they tend to deactivate catalyst very rapidly. Consequently, conventional fixed-bed hydrotreating processes can not upgrade these feedstocks economically. CLG determined that if fresh catalyst could be continually moved through a reactor, then catalytic activity could be maintained without shutting down the unit. Theoretically,...
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