Calibration and Testing Services Reference Materials

Description: This application relates to the chemical vapor deposition of a diamond-like nanocomposite material, sometimes referred to as DLC (Diamond-Like Coating). The coating has low friction properties ...

Description: Fuel cell engineers use test stands to simulate the performance of fuel cells. The challenge is to mimic reality and determine the optimum fuel mixture and temperature, while also examining failure ...

Description: As industries continue to look for new methods of identifying and predicting equipment failures, manufacturers of predictive maintenance equipment are developing new tools to add to their arsenal of ...

Description: Condition assessment of DC motors requires a basic understanding of the design and operating characteristics of the various types available: the series motor, the shunt motor, and the compound motor. ...

Description: Eastman Chemical Company started its Motor Analysis Program in late 1998 when we purchased an online power analyzer. After several months of testing, we found the analyzer to be limited for ...

Description: Electrical maintenance personnel have for years been limited to troubleshooting with no more than a fluke and a Megger. This unfortunately does not provide enough information to allow most ...

Description: Static motor testing is a well-known means to comprehensively test electric motors. However, if a motor cannot be shutdown even the best static equipment becomes ineffective. Situations like these ...

Description: During normal operation of a three-phase AC induction motor, the magnetic flux in a healthy rotor forms a sinusoidal pattern. Typically, in healthy rotors, little residual flux will remain after the ...

Description: It's late on a Friday afternoon. You just got an email from your boss' boss that he's impressed with the predictive maintenance program you have implemented at the plant. Yes, by combining the ...

Description: Does motor efficiency relate to "going green"? While the term going green originally applied to the release of greenhouse gases, it has been broadened to include waste and inefficiency associated with ...

Description: The ever present emphasis on technological efficiency is just one of several forces behind the pressure on companies to "go green" despite a trying economy. Yet green investments, particularly as they ...

Description: Over the last 20 years, Current Signature Analysis (CSA) has become an established tool for online fault analysis of AC Induction motors. Presently, very little research has been performed using ...

Description: How often have you been in a situation where you have to determine whether a rotor problem exists and the only indication you have is rotor bar pass frequency and a gut feeling. Squirrel cage ...

Description: VFD Technology has changed the way most of us do business in one way or another. If you have not been influenced in some way by this new technology, then stand by, your time is coming. We have all ...

Description: As one of the most critical factors in reducing manufacturing costs, motor reliability has to be taken very seriously if a company wants to increase its return on investment in motor assets. Keeping ...

Description: Bend moment testing was employed to characterize both force output and tolerable strain prior to permanent deformation of 0.020" diameter wires. Both wires were cold drawn and thermally straightened ...

Description: The elastic behavior of various thermally set Nitinol-DFT®-Platinum1 composite wires was investigated in both axial and flexural modes. Two varieties of composite materials were analyzed, each ...

Description: An experiment was conducted by Fort Wayne Metals of 0.007" (0.178 mm) diameter wires of both solid system and composite materials. The experiment consisted of evaluation of two melting practices used ...

Description: The purpose of this paper is to review the property improvements of ASTM F 562 wire. The improved material, called 35N LT??alloy, meets all chemical, mechanical, and metallurgical requirements of the ...

Description: The impact of original melt practice and strain amplitude on Ni 56wt%-Ti wire was investigated using rotary beam fatigue testing. The fatigue tests were conducted in the superelastic condition above ...

Description: This application brief describes key characteristics of the CutPRO as used in multi-product pipeline and terminal operations. ...

Description: Investment in alternative fuel technologies for automobiles continues to gather pace as commercial viability becomes a reality. One of the leading technologies is fuel cells, which represents a huge ...

Description: Many manufacturers processes require a constant supply of compressed air. The air may be used for many different reasons-for example the actuation and control of pneumatic valves, cylinders and ...

Description: Historically, chlorination has been the preferred large scale method of sterilization of water. However there are significant environmental implications through the release of chlorine into the water ...

Description: Drying of polymer chips, prior to molding and extrusion processes is required to reduce free moisture content. The use of moisture laden chips has an adverse effect on product quality in terms of ...

Description: Conductivity is defined as the ability of a substance to conduct electric current. It is the reciprocal of the more commonly known measurement, resistivity. The presence of electrolytes determines the ...

Description: Infrared moisture analyzers have had a variety of heating element materials over the last several decades. The two most common on today's market are quartz and halogen. ...

Description: The empirical and eponymous Moore's Law1 claims that transistor density doubles every 18 months. Since transistor speed is roughly proportional to linear density, it implies that transistor speeds ...

Description: This paper addresses the use of the linear equalizer. ...

Description: This paper provides an overview of the IsoBER technology, and explains how it can be applied for detailed insight into serial data applications. ...

Description: For many aerospace components, grinding systems achieve greater productivity than milling and broaching on today's lighter, tougher, harder materials. Tests performed at Saint-Gobain Abrasives Higgins ...

Description: Zero fault tolerance is necessary to achieve high quality and productivity in TFT-LCD manufacturing. Ruggedly designed multi-port USB-to-serial solutions have been proven effective for data ...

Description: In this report we present our progress of the NRA 02-OSS-01 project on the development of a prototype Dust Particle Analyzer (DPA) and its performance under simulated Martian atmospheric conditions. ...

Description: Laminar shear stress is atheroprotective for endothelial cells (ECs), whereas nonlaminar, disturbed, or oscillatory shear stress correlates with development of atherosclerosis and neointimal ...

Description: This manuscript describes optical MEMS (or MOEMS)-based microsensors for near wall boundary layer flow and particle field analysis. The sensors have been developed to measure a variety of parameters ...

Description: The effects of microbubbles injected within the boundary layer of a turbulent channel flow were investigated. In this study electrolysis demonstrated to be an effective method to inject microbubbles ...

Description: Signal Integrity engineers are typically simulating systems using simulation models and measuring signals in systems using instruments. Often, during the design process, simulated models are replaced ...

Description: MATLAB is a software environment used by over 1,000,000 users world-wide in various industries and at more than 3,500 colleges and universities. Its high-level language and interactive environment ...

Description: Over the last decade Avantes has helped many application engineers to develop both non-invasive and invasive spectroscopic methods for blood parameter measurements. Important medical indicators are ...

Description: Since it is possible to manufacture Light Emitting Diodes in a wide variety of colors and brightness, it is also necessary to accurately measure their optical characteristics. There are two ways of ...

Description: Avantes line of spectrometers enables the use in a very wide variety of sensing and sensor applications, such as agriculture, measure oxygen content of soil, determination of chlorophyll by ...

Description: Clamp-on current probes are designed to extend the current measuring capabilities of DNNs, power instruments, oscilloscopes, hand-held scopes, recorders or loggers and other diverse instruments. The ...

Description: The growth in network and communication systems has increased the demand for organizations' to implement a detailed well-organized structured cabling infrastructure. The need to store information ...

Description: A TDR (Time Domain Reflector) is used for cable length measurement and fault locating on virtually all types of cable including twisted pair, coaxial and parallel conductors. Access to two conductors ...

Description: When switching on solid state equipment such as computers, copiers, and electronic ballasts found in lighting systems, as well as magnetic devices like motors, drives, and core & coil ballasts, peak ...

Description: The clamp-on ground resistance testing technique offers the ability to measure the resistance without disconnecting the ground. This type of measurement also offers the advantage of including the ...

Description: The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) converts time domain waveforms, acquired in an oscilloscope, into frequency domain spectra. This al-lows the oscilloscope to provide the same kind of information ...

Description: A regular program of testing insulation resistance is strongly recommended to prevent electrical shocks, assure safety of personnel and to reduce or eliminate down time. It helps to detect ...

Description: The threatened limited of conventional electrical power sources have focused on a great deal of attention on power, its application, monitoring and correction. Power economics now play a critical role ...

Description: In today's rapidly changing world of technological advances, good ground is more important than ever to prevent costly damage and downtime due to service interruptions and inoperative surge protection ...

Description: The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) has become a standard feature on most modern oscilloscopes. It permits oscilloscope users to view the frequency spectrum of a signal as well as the time domain trace. ...

Description: Soil resistivity measurements have a threefold purpose. First, such data is used to make sub-surface geophysical surveys as an aid in identifying ore locations, depth to bedrock and other geological ...

Description: A low cost video camera, "Web Cam" is used in conjunction with a PC and Temperature Calibration Bath to automatically calibrate handheld digital thermometers which have no provision to be connected to ...

Description: The advantage of fixed point calibration is the small uncertainties associated with the method. The very pure fixed point substance can be melted or frozen to produce an absolute temperature for ...

Description: One major problem that keeps recurring is the request to calibrate, or in some other way to evaluate, very short industrial temperature sensor assemblies. These sensors are so short that the sensor ...

Description: The most accurate measurements made in a Primary Temperature Laboratory are during intercomparisons of ITS-90 fixed point cells, and in particular intercomparing water triple point cells. To assess ...

Description: Standard Platinum Resistance Thermometers (SPRTs) with length-below-handle of only 480mm are regularly submitted for calibration at ITS-90 fixed points from -200 °C to +660 °C. The length of the ...

Description: Of all the sources of errors and uncertainties in thermal calibration by far the largest source of error and least understood effect is that of immersion of unit under test, and the reference ...

Description: The purpose of this evaluation is to assess the performance of a Slim Mercury Triple Point Cell in the Europa-6 compared to the Large Mercury Triple Point Cell in its larger apparatus (ITL-M-17725). A ...

Description: The production of isothermal volumes of known temperature is the essence of both fixed point and comparison calibrations. The uncertainty of comparison calibrations is made up from: 1. The uncertainty ...

Description: In recent years, global environmental issues have received increasing attention, promoting effective initiatives to reduce greenhouse gases. In addition to CO2, a well known greenhouse gas, there are ...

Description: The international standards on EMC (electromagnetic compatibility) include those for power-supply harmonic current and power-supply voltage change. These standards, known as low frequency EMC ...

Description: The purpose of our 3rd party test program is to independently certify the electrical and physical performance of our broadcast grade connectors for evaluation by our customers, and to provide ...

Description: Recent advances in digital and information technologies have propelled digitalization and computerization of various instruments. At the same time, it has become possible to develop compact, ...

Description: Power plants concerned with lowering NOx emissions are making tremendous changes to accommodate EPA regulatory requirements. A substantial number of these changes include the expansion and upgrade of ...

Description: The MCP41XXX and MCP42XXX family of digital potentiometers allow for daisy chaining of multiple devices on a single SPI? bus. It is possible to communicate to multiple devices using one 3-wire data ...

Description: Resistor potentiometers can be found in electronic circuits across a wide spectrum of applications. Most typically, they function in a voltage divider configuration in order to execute various types ...

Description: Mechanical potentiometers are typically used to adjust system reference levels, gain errors and offset errors. Digital potentiometers can be used for the same functions while offering the added ...

Description: This application note analyzes the calibration algorithm from theoretical and numerical approaches. It includes two calibration procedures, including information on setting up lab equipment, board ...

Description: This application note discusses the PIC14C000 calibration constants and calibration procedures. This application note refers to the following documents: ? PIC14C000 Data Sheet (DS40122) ? AN575, ?IEEE ...

Description: The definition of "endurance" (as applied to EEPROMs) contains various words and phrases that require clear definition and understanding. As shown in the following paragraphs, different manufacturers ...

Description: 1. What Smart Tweezers is mostly used for? Smart Tweezers is an unrivalled tool for identification of electronic components; Smart Tweezers does this job in one touch speeding the identification ...

Description: Full-field optical techniques are increasingly appreciated as deformation, stress and strain measuring tools. This article discusses an advanced deformation and strain analysis method based on 3D ...

Description: The conversion of corn into fuel ethanol is once again gaining popularity and is an appealing business opportunity for farm communities and agribusinesses in the mid-west and other regions of the U.S. ...

Description: Measuring the amount of water vapor in a gas presents a variety of challenges; especially challenging are measurements in contaminated hydrocarbons such as Natural Gas. A multitude of methods are ...

Description: This paper describes a flameless gas calorimeter that measures CARI Index, Wobbe Index, calorific value, and specific gravity in a real-time basis. The flare or fuel feed gases are oxidized in a ...

Description: Plants can improve their efficiency and reduce costs by performing calibration history trend analysis. The analysis enables a plant to determine which instruments can be calibrated less frequently and ...

Description: Calibration helps a power plant in maintaining or even improving safety, as well as in meeting national and international standards. However, calibration is also a matter of profitability. By using ...

Description: CO2 (carbon dioxide) is a critical ingredient in beer, soft drinks and other beverages. The traditional method of determining carbonation by measuring the total pressure overestimates the amount of ...

Description: If you're not a hardness tester user, you're likely not even aware of these tools or what they do. However, these instruments, which measure the hardness of materials, have been around for more than a ...

Description: Oxygen enriched systems possess a risk of fire and explosion since ignition and combustion hazards are present in all oxygen systems, and oxygen related fire incidents have occurred in many ...

Description: Plastic welding is the most common application of ultrasonic assembly. To perform ultrasonic plastic welding, a vibrating tip is brought into contact with one of the work pieces as shown in Figure ...

Description: The term compression set test is the amount, measured in percentage, by which a standard rubber test piece fails to return to its original thickness after being subjected to a standard compressive ...

Description: The fiber industry is highly competitive and relies on innovation for new and improved products. Manufactured fibers are used in a wide variety of applications in modern apparel, home furnishings, ...

Description: The definition of nanocomposite material has broadened significantly to include a wide variety of materials made of distinctly dissimilar components and combined at the nanometer scale. The general ...

Description: Textile cords in a rubber matrix are an important class of composites. Applications of such composites can be found in tires, air springs, shock isolators, and hoses. The most complicated of these ...

Description: Ultrasonic energy is mechanical energy as contrasted with other forms of energy such as nuclear particle radiation (x-rays, beta rays), electromagnetic energy (radio frequency waves, diathermy, ...

Description: Over the past decade maintenance professionals, TPM and Lean manufacturers, and reliability specialists, have embraced airborne ultrasound inspection technology like never before. An ultrasonic ...

Description: The phenomenal rise in popularity of Airborne Ultrasound for use in predictive maintenance programs is attributed to three factors; ease of use, versatility, and low implementation cost. Once ...

Description: CSIRO Manufacturing & Infrastructure Technology (CMIT) was asked to develop a best practice method for testing the cure and strength of structural concrete in the field. Ideally, test samples should ...

Description: Production line safety testing is an essential part of the electrical products manufacturing process. Verification of functionality and the safe operation of electrical products is absolutely vital, ...

Description: Advanced Compliance Solutions Inc.'s state-of-the-art testing laboratory has won Environmental Protection Agency certification and is now helping computer makers and other electronics manufacturers ...

Description: There are hundreds of power quality measurements you can take on electrical systems and equipment. These instructions focus on four predictive maintenance (PdM) measurements and two power consumption ...

Description: Thermal images of electrical systems canindicate the operating condition of the equipment in those systems. In fact, since the beginning of thermography more than four decades or more ago, the ...

Description: The residual stresses have a significant effect on the process of the initiation and propagation of the fatigue cracks in welded elements. In this paper the results of the residual stress measurement ...

Description: One of the advantages of ultrasonic techniques for residual stress measurement is that they are non-destructive. Using such techniques, one can measure the residual stresses in the same points many ...