Chemical Sensors Reference Materials

Description: Learn how ECI consultants radically reduced costs and wastes while improving working conditions and ensuring compliance with 900 Series Monitor/Controllers. An FAA Certified Part 145 Repair Station ...

Description: What is Carbon Dioxide and why is it so important? ...

Description: Implementation of 900 Series Monitor/Controllers cuts costs and waste while increasing production at large-scale residential HVAC manufacturing facility. ...

Description: This application bulletin explains the deionization process and how to use conductivity/resistivity and TDS readings and monitor/controllers throughout the process to ensure product quality. ...

Description: This application bulletin explains how measuring, monitoring, and controlling TDS, Conductivity, pH, and ORP is part of due diligence in compliance with environmental protections and regulations. ...

Description: This application bulletin explains how to monitor and control pH and Conductivity in Fountain Solutions for optimal print quality. It also helps operators to troubleshoot common issues related to ...

Description: Controlling dialysate quality is critically important to hemodialysis patient health. Complications as minor as nausea and fatigue or as severe as metabolic acidosis and sepsis can result if dialysate ...

Description: This application bulletin explains why conductivity/EC, pH, and alkalinity tests are important in Horticulture and how to perform them in the field. ...

Description: This application bulletin explains how to use TDS and pH readings to promote plant health and growth in Hydroponics. ...

Description: This application bulletin explains what ORP is and how it can be used to determine the disinfecting power of a solution by measuring its ability to oxidize or reduce chemical contaminants. ...

Description: This application bulletin explains how to measure, monitor, and control conductivity, TDS or mineral/salt concentration, pH, ORP, free chlorine, hardness, alkalinity, and temperature to ensure water ...

Description: This application bulletin explains how to measure, monitor, and control pH, TDS, conductivity, ORP, and temperature in textile manufacturing to ensure product quality and comply with environmental ...

Description: This application bulletin explains how controlling rinse tank solution conductivity in metal finishing controls solution purity and lowers water consumption while preserving waste treatment equipment. ...

Description: This application bulletin explains how monitoring and controlling Conductivity, TDS, pH, and ORP levels in boiler and cooling tower water allows operators to optimize blowdown schedules and inhibit ...

Description: Contamination of circuit boards can bring about severe degradation of insulation resistance and dielectric strength. This application bulletin explains how a simple "on line" test for the relative ...

Description: The CoriolisMaster FCB450 provides a complete solution for black liquor cycle measurement in the pulp & paper industry. ...

Description: ABB has a proven track record for supplying high performance measurement solutions to the water industry. Following successful projects with other water authorities, Melbourne Water turned to us. Our ...

Description: A biosensor is a device capable of detecting a certain substance or analyte with high specificity. Examples of such analytes are glucose, lactate, glutamine and glutamate. Most biosensors measure the ...

Description: Numerous industrial applications require solutions of a specific chemical strength. Such specific concentrations are achieved by mixing a full strength solution with water in the desired proportions. ...

Description: Regulatory requirements to monitor and report emissions are a responsible practice for global industries. However, understanding evolving regulatory standards changes and options about technologies to ...

Description: Many oil fields, especially mature ones, can produce high levels of Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S), which is deadly at even low concentrations. As drilling and completions are often in remote locations, ...

Description: Hydrocarbon dew point is the temperature, at a defined pressure, at which hydrocarbon liquids begin to form. The determination of the hydrocarbon dew point (HCDP) for natural gas has become a critical ...

Description: Inferred pH means pH calculated from straight and cation conductivity. The calculation can be applied to condensate, feedwater, and boiler water. Although not widely used in the United States, ...

Description: Recently a report was published that investigated the effect of methanol on the analysis of natural gas by various gas chromatographs. The report was in response to measurement issues in some offshore ...

Description: Nitrogen oxides (NOX) result from the combustion process in turbines, crackers, combustion engines, boilers, and other locations within a plant. As a powerful pollutant, it is important to control and ...

Description: Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is a strong, heavy acid with a density of 1.84 g/cc and a marked tendency to absorb moisture from the air, generating considerable heat. Concentrated sulfuric acid (93-98 %) is ...

Description: A fundamental requirement for gas safety and contract sale of natural gas is to measure the amount of H2S and Total Sulfur. The level of these contaminants and sulfur-based odorants is strictly ...

Description: In the production of high purity water, dissolved silica is known to be the first ion to breakthrough when the ion-exchanger resin approaches depletion. Therefore, rinse water quality is critical to ...

Description: Milling crushes, shreds or presses the cane or beets to extract the juice to which calcium oxide (milk of lime) is added. The calcium oxide raises the pH of the juice to a little over 11 and the water ...

Description: To extract raw sugar juice, the mill first crushes, shreds, or presses the cane or beets. The raw juice is highly pure, but contains undesirable organic and inorganic non-sugar constituents together ...

Description: As conductivity is temperature dependent, all values reported in the major cycle chemistry guidelines are specified for a standard temperature of 25 °C. For this reason, most current conductivity ...

Description: Corrosion occurs because metals tend to oxidize when they come in contact with oxygenated water, resulting in the formation of stable metal oxides. Corrosion in water distribution systems can impact ...

Description: Dissolved oxygen (DO) control is widely used in power plant cycle chemistry treatment to minimize corrosion in boilers, turbines, and piping. Efficient DO control relies on obtaining fast, ...

Description: Increasing Efficiency in Power New plant designs and technological developments in the power industry are leading to greater efficiency in converting fossil fuels to energy. Leveraging these ...

Description: In this article, we will tie the analogy of accurate time to pH measurement and show how to make more accurate, dependable and believable pH measurements by using three pH sensors. ...

Description: The most popular germicide used in water treatment is chlorine, which kills bacteria by way of its power as an oxidizing agent. Chlorine is used not only as a primary disinfectant at the beginning of ...

Description: This paper will address * Knowing when to do a pH sensor calibration versus a calibration check * How to properly clean a pH sensor * How to perform a pH sensor calibration * A decision tree for step ...

Description: Tata has set up a modernized Energy Management Centre (EMC) equipped with a Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) system that gathers all plant site energy information and manages the load ...

Description: In the production of olefins, naphtha or natural gas feedstock is steam cracked at high temperatures in a cracking furnace. This sets off a variety of reactions which are brought to a halt by ...

Description: Before any electrodes are placed into initial service and then about once a month thereafter, depending on the application, a two point calibration of the electrodes are required. A two point ...

Description: The Iotron Bromide Electrode may be utilized in analysis of nickel sulfamate bath as an easy means of monitoring the bromide additive. Caution must be exercised in using the electrode in strong ...

Description: The following analysis is valid for bromide levels as low as 0.5 ppm. Check the deionized water used in reagent preparation. The specific conductivity should be no greater than 2.0 uSCM-1 (5 Mohms). ...

Description: Chloride analysis is one of the most popular procedures involving ion-selective electrodes. Utilizing chloride selective electrodes, the user is assured of a fast, accurate analysis of the sample. ...

Description: Equipment: Meter: pH/Millivolt meter. Readability of 1 mV required, 0.1 mV preferred. Specific ion meter will provide direct readout of final answer or concentration factor. Consult manual for ...

Description: Stirring: Electrode response is improved if samples and standardizing solutions are stirred at a fixed rate during measurements. ...

Description: The following procedure will provide the user with concentration of thiocyanate iions in most water sources. The only limitation is the sample be free of sulfide, mercury, and iodine ions. Sample ...

Description: Calcium, when complexed with carbonate, contributes to the total water hardness. Calcium is typically introduced to ground water as it passes over limestone, gypsum, gypsiferrons, shale or dolomite. ...

Description: Ionized calcium in skim milk can be measured directly in the normal range (1 mM to 4 mM) utilizing the Iotron Calcium Electrode. Potassium Chloride is added to both standard and sample for consistent ...

Description: Originally the hardness of water was defined as the capacity of water for destroying the lather of soap. The hardness was determined by a titration with a standard soap solution. Metal ions including ...

Description: The following procedure is provided as a general method for determining fluoride levels in chromic, nitric, hypochloric, perchloric, and other strong acids. The major requirement for sample ...

Description: Fluoride in chromium plating baths acts as a catalyst. The following procedure allows direct analysis with no sample distillation necessary. ...

Description: Fluoride analysis in water was one of the first widely accepted measurement techniques by ion selective electrodes. By adding buffer solution to the sample, practially all possible interferences are ...

Description: The following procedure allows the user to determine free cyanide concentration in water samples. The procedure will not determine cyanide concentrations complexed. ...

Description: The following procedure is valid for iodide concentrations as low as 0.5 ppm. Check the deionized water used in reagent preparation. The specific conductivity should be no greater than 0.2 Scm-1. ...

Description: The Iotron Nitrate Electrode is a liquid ion exchanger electrode with a thin, inert membrane. Nitrate in unpolluted and waste water in the range of 20-150 ppm can be determined by this method. Many ...

Description: Analysis of silver in water to the range of 0.1 ppm silver may be performed utilizing the following procedure. The sample solution should be free of mercury. Collect the sample within eight hours of ...

Description: The total concentration of silver present in fixing solutions may be determined over the range of 1M to 10-6M using the Iotrode Silver Electrode. Fixing solutions usually contain a sulfide-bisulfidte ...

Description: Sodium content of foods has become an important concern in our diet. The Iotron Sodium electrode allows a simple technique for fast routine measurement of sodium. ...

Description: Sodium measurements taken with glass sodium electrodes have been routinely taken for over 35 years. Next to pH, sodium electrode measurements are the most common use of ion selective electrodes. Low ...

Description: Total cyanide may be measured directly with an Iotron Cyanide electrode in cadmium/cyanide baths. The measurement is based on the stability of the cadmium-cyanide complex. As cyanide concentrations ...

Description: Total cyanide is measured directly with a cyanide electrode due to the stability of the zinc-cyanide complex. The following procedure should be used as a general guide for the analysis since zinc ...

Description: Cyanide forms complexes with many types of metal ions. Cyanide electrodes however, respond only to free cyanide ions. The following method allows the user to temporarily break down the complexes and ...

Description: A major contributor to odor in drinking water is sulfide in the form of H2S. Utilizing the Iotrode Sulfide Electrode the user may determine sulfide in most water samples very simply. The only ...

Description: For a number of years, sulfuric acid was used in water treatment facilities to control alkalinity. It's a product that works, but it also has may potential problems. Sulfuric acid can be difficult to ...

Description: Over one hundred different compositions available from many different manufacturers None exhibit completely linear pH response in overall pH range specified Maximum available pH range: -2 to 16 pH in ...

Description: Ion selective sensors have been used for analytical determination of a wide variety of ions since the 1900??s. Ion selective sensor??s utility and simplicity has replaced other wet analytical methods ...

Description: Introduction and Significance of Ion Selective Electrochemistry Overview of Glass, Solid State and Ionophore Based Ion Selective Sensors and Reference Electrodes Characterization of Passive (Ionophore ...

Description: This paper describes the process applications that take place after mining and prior to refining as they relate to pH / ORP, dissolved oxygen and conductivity.The implementation of the proper ...