Sensors, Transducers and Detectors Reference Materials
Reference Articles 1 - 100 of 3086
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What is A Knock Sensor?
Description: A knock sensor, also known as a detonation sensor, is a crucial component in internal combustion engines designed to detect abnormal combustion, often referred to as "knocking" or "pinging." This ...
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What is An Accelerometer Sensor?
Description: An accelerometer sensor is a kind of sensor that is a device used to measure acceleration, which is the rate of change of velocity of an object. It is commonly found in various electronic devices such ...
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Basics of TPMS Sensors
Description: A TPMS sensor, or Tire Pressure Monitoring System sensor, is a crucial component in modern vehicles designed to monitor the air pressure inside the tires. The primary function of the TPMS sensor is to ...
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Introduction to Throttle Position Sensor
Description: Throttle Position Sensors (TPS) are crucial components in modern internal combustion engines, as they play a key role in regulating the amount of air entering the engine. This, in turn, affects the ...
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Tactile Sensors and Their Applications in Aerospace
Description: Tactile sensors are a specific type of sensor that falls under the broader category of sensors. A tactile sensor is a device that detects and measures physical contact or pressure. It is designed to ...
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Precision Where It Counts: How Tempco's TPC Consoles Found a Critical Role in High-Performance Aerospace Manufacturing
Description: The manufacture of turbine blades is one of the most technically demanding processes in industrial production. The blades are investment cast from nickel-based superalloys and built around ceramic ...
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How to Select a 6-Axis Force/Torque Sensor for Robotic Force Control
Description: Learn how to select a 6-axis force/torque sensor for robotic force control. This article reviews measurement range, overload capacity, resolution, sampling rate, communication interface, crosstalk, ...
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Thermistors Basics and Their Applications in Aerospace
Description: A thermistor is a type of temperature sensor that exhibits a change in electrical resistance with a temperature change. The word "thermistor" is a combination of "thermal" and "resistor," which ...
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How do Thermostats Work?
Description: Thermostats are devices that control the temperature of a building or other space. They are typically used in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems to maintain a comfortable and ...
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Mission-Critical Flow Control for Data Centers
From: Rotork plcDescription: Data centers are vital to modern digital life, supporting AI, cloud computing, and global systems. The rise of AI and HPC demands more processing power, increasing energy use, cooling needs, and ...
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Online Analysis of Mercaptans and Hydrogen Sulfide from Crude Oil, following ASTM D3227 and UOP163
From: Metrohm USA, Inc.Description: Aside from their unpleasant odor, sulfur compounds are environmentally damaging and promote corrosion. Desulfurization can happen at many points in a petroleum refinery, from the crude feedstock to ...
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Online Monitoring of Hydrogen Peroxide during the CMP Process
From: Metrohm USA, Inc.Description: The planarity and smoothness of silicon wafers are fundamental to manufacture optimal semiconductor devices, and Chemical Mechanical Planarization (CMP) is the most common technology used to achieve ...
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How to Reduce Vibration in High-Magnification Microscopes
From: Links-Japan, LLCDescription: Practical Vibration Control Solutions for Precision Observation High-magnification microscopes can be highly sensitive to even small amounts of vibration. ...
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Hall Effect Sensors Basics and Their Applications in Aerospace
Description: Hall effect sensors are electronic devices that detect the presence and measure the magnitude of a magnetic field. They operate based on the principle of the Hall effect, which was discovered by Edwin ...
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Temperature Sensors Basics and Their Applications in Aerospace
Description: Temperature sensors are electronic devices designed to measure and monitor temperature variations in various environments and systems. They are widely used in a range of industries, including ...
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From Drive-Thru to Data-Driven: How 3D LiDAR Is Redefining Vehicle Inspections
From: SICKDescription: TwoTronic utilizes LiDAR technology for vehicle return with a Digital Vehicle Scanner. ...
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Speed vs. Precision in Industrial Sensors: Why You Can't Have Both (and How to Choose Wisely)
From: SICKDescription: Sensors are often expected to do it all - detect further, switch faster, measure more accurately, and perform reliably on an ever-wider range of materials. But there's a fundamental tradeoff built ...
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Light Operate vs. Dark Operate Sensors: What They Are and When to Use Them
From: SICKDescription: Selecting the right output function on a photoelectric sensor can be the difference between a smooth-running machine and unexpected downtime. In this blog, we're digging into one of the most ...
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The Role of Force Feedback in Humanoid Robots
Description: Humanoid robots are evolving from pre-programmed repetitive movement toward intelligent, human-like physical interaction. Unlike traditional industrial robots that rely solely on position control, ...
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How 6-Axis Force Torque Sensors Improve Robot Gripping Stability
Description: Robot gripping stability is the core foundation of automated picking, assembly, handling and polishing operations. Traditional robotic gripping relies on fixed program parameters and position control, ...
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Mini Shakers vs. Vibration Exciters: Understanding the Difference in Engineering Applications
Description: In vibration testing, engineers often use the terms "mini shaker" and "vibration exciter" interchangeably. While both devices generate controlled vibration, they are fundamentally different in ...
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Precise Dew Point Measurement at Low Humidity
Description: Precise dew and frost point measurement at very low humidity is essential in industries such as semiconductor manufacturing, gas analytics, cleanrooms, compressed air systems, and battery production, ...
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Using Gas Humidification to Test Sensor Cross-Sensitivity
From: Environics, Inc.Description: Mapping the Impact of Humidity on Sensor Cross-Sensitivity ...
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How do Medical Gas Testers Simulate the Humidity of the Human Lung?
From: Environics, Inc.Description: Inside the human respiratory system, inhaled air is rapidly transformed into a warm, moisture-rich gas mixture before reaching the lower airways. Medical gas testers must replicate these conditions to ...
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7 Reasons Why Confocal Chromatic Sensors Are Becoming the First Choice in Precision Measurement
From: Micro-Epsilon GroupDescription: Confocal chromatic sensors are increasingly replacing conventional optical measurement technologies. Whether in semiconductor production, precision engineering or glass manufacturing - wherever ...
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Vision-Based Detection vs Force Feedback Control in Robotics
Description: Vision detection and force feedback control are two core robotic sensing and control technologies. Vision realizes non-contact positioning, identification and path planning, while force feedback ...
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How to Reduce Vibration and Noise in High-Speed Railway Vehicles
From: Links-Japan, LLCDescription: As train speeds continue to increase, vibration and noise control inside railway vehicles is becoming increasingly important. ...
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What is Predictive Maintenance? Complete Overview and Insights
From: ifm efector inc.Description: A complete guide to predictive maintenance, this article covers the benefits, common challenges, how it works, technology options on the market, and how to implement it. ...
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Why Low-Level Hydrogen Detection Is Essential in Industrial Manufacturing
From: DOD Technologies Inc.Description: Understanding the Risks of Hydrogen ...
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How to Reduce Floor Vibration Caused by Industrial Compressors
From: Links-Japan, LLCDescription: In many cases, compressor vibration does not remain around the machine itself. Vibration can spread through floors and support structures and affect surrounding areas inside the facility. ...
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Where We Stand with PFAS Sample Testing: Methods, Mediums and More
From: DOD Technologies Inc.Description: Explore the different types of PFAS tests and see how they continue to evolve. ...
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The Hidden Cost of Precision: PFAS in the Semiconductor Industry
From: DOD Technologies Inc.Description: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), often called "forever chemicals," have gained widespread attention due to their persistence in the environment and potential health impacts. While many ...
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What is the Right Wavelength for Fired Heater Furnace Applications?
From: LANDDescription: One of the biggest challenges in furnace measurement, whether in reformers, crackers, or fired heaters, is deciding which wavelength is best suited to the application. ...
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How To Substantially Reduce Encoder Cost While Gaining Functionality With Multi-Turn Rotary Position Sensors
From: Novotechnik U.S., Inc.Description: Many applications require rotation counters that can measure angles greater than 360º. However the low-cost 10-turn potentiometers most design engineers are familiar with can't always meet user ...
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The Future of Manufacturing and Commercializing Green Ammonia with Electrochemistry
From: Metrohm USA, Inc.Description: The future of green ammonia production through electrochemistry holds great promise for sustainable agriculture and energy, given ammonia's essential role in nitrogen-based fertilizers and its ...
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Testing RO Water Quality
From: Myron L CompanyDescription: Learn about Reverse Osmosis and testing and controlling feed and product water to preserve membranes and ensure water quality. ...
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Why Nearby Equipment Can Affect Your Measurement Accuracy
From: Links-Japan, LLCDescription: Have you ever experienced issues such as: Measurement results that vary each time, Poor repeatability, Results that change depending on the environment? In many cases, the cause is not the equipment ...
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Differential Pressure vs. Gauge Pressure: When to Use Each in Industrial Applications
Description: Pressure measurement is fundamental to industrial processes-from monitoring flow and level to ensuring safety and efficiency. But not all pressure measurements are the same. Two of the most commonly ...
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Cross-Sensitivity and False Alarms: A Hidden Challenge
From: MSA SafetyDescription: False alarms in fixed gas detection aren’t always equipment failures. In many industrial environments, cross-sensitivities from cleaning agents, exhaust, process vapors, or changing conditions ...
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Turning Data into Insight: A Decade of Stable Methane Sensing
From: Hamamatsu PhotonicsDescription: Methane (CH4) has a short-term warming potential that is 80 times higher than carbon dioxide (CO2), a fact that has driven growing demand for reliable, real-world CH4 measurements. However, achieving ...
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Harnessing the Potential of Position Sensitive Detectors in Automated Systems
From: Hamamatsu PhotonicsDescription: In a world increasingly shaped by automated systems, ensuring their accuracy and proper calibration is a critical concern in both industries and daily life. At the core of this challenge lies the need ...
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Greener Industry with Advanced Gas Detection
From: Hamamatsu PhotonicsDescription: Industrial emissions significantly contribute to climate change, prompting global regulatory pressure for cleaner practices. This article discusses photonics based gas detection, highlighting how ...
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The Shift Toward Mobile Gas Sensing in Safety-Critical Industries
From: Hamamatsu PhotonicsDescription: Oil rigs, gas plants, underground mines, and firegrounds are classed as high-risk environments, as workers often face dangers such as heat, explosions, crush or fall injuries, and exposure to ...
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The Role of Gas Sensing in Climate Strategies
From: Hamamatsu PhotonicsDescription: Climate change is a global issue, and tackling it requires a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions across the globe throughout all sectors, from agriculture and energy to waste and transport. Many ...
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The Intersection of Gas Sensing and Public Health
From: Hamamatsu PhotonicsDescription: Gas sensing technologies have been used in clinical settings for decades, where they provide critical capabilities in a range of applications. A good example of this is capnography, which measures the ...
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Beyond CO2: The Emerging Importance of Multi-Gas Detection
From: Hamamatsu PhotonicsDescription: Carbon dioxide (CO2) is often the headline gas in discussions on emissions and indoor air quality, but it is far from the whole story. A host of other gases, including methane (CH4), nitrogen oxides ...
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Why Standard Rubber Sheets Can Make Vibration Worse in Precision Equipment
From: Links-Japan, LLCDescription: In some cases, vibration can actually become stronger even when rubber sheets are used for isolation. This does not necessarily mean that the material itself is poor. In many cases, the issue is ...
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Why Straight Pipe Length Matters in Flow Measurement?
Description: In industrial flow measurement, accuracy does not depend on the flow meter alone. Installation conditions play an equally critical role. During installation, one factor we may overlook is straight ...
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Temperature Measurements in Heat Treatment Processes
From: LANDDescription: Heat treatment is essential for the targeted influencing of important material and surface properties, such as softening a part, hardening its surface, or annealing stresses. ...
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The Role of Temperature Measurement in Sustainable Steelmaking
From: LANDDescription: Temperature monitoring solutions can help in the transition to more sustainable methods of steelmaking, supporting decarbonisation in a number of ways. ...
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Process Control by Non-Contact Temperature Measurements in Forging Applications
From: LANDDescription: There are two main forging processes used in industry: drop forging and press forging. Accurate temperature monitoring is vital in both scenarios. In this guide, we take a closer look at the ...
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Forging Applications: Why Temperature Control Makes a Difference
From: LANDDescription: Forging is one of those processes where experience, material behaviour and temperature all come together at the same moment. ...
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How to Calibrate Electromagnetic Flowmeters: A Comprehensive Guide
Description: Calibrating electromagnetic flowmeters is essential for ensuring accurate measurement, which is crucial for various industrial applications. Over time, magnetic flowmeters can experience drift, ...
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The Importance of Dew Point Measurement in Ozone Generation
From: Shaw Moisture MetersDescription: Ozone (O₃) is a powerful oxidising agent widely used in water treatment, wastewater sterilisation, food/pharma feedwater treatment, swimming pool disinfection and other industrial ...
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How Facility Managers are Complying with CO2 Safety Monitors
From: CO2Meter.comDescription: Learn how facility managers comply with CO2 safety monitoring requirements. Discover why CO2 safety alarms help protect employees, meet fire codes, and prevent gas hazards. ...
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Multi Gas Safety Systems for Food Service Environments
From: CO2Meter.comDescription: Learn how multi-gas safety systems protect food service environments from CO2, oxygen deficiency, and combustible gas hazards. ...
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A Comprehensive Guide to Radar Level Meters: Principles, Types, Applications, and FAQs
Description: Radar level meters provide accurate and reliable level measurement for liquids and solids. This article explains their working principle, compares guided wave, pulsed, and FMCW radar types, and ...
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Why Sensor Drift Happens-and How Modern Pressure Transmitters Compensate for It
Description: What Is Sensor Drift? ...
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Choosing Between PVC, PUR, FEP, and PE Cables for Liquid Level Sensors
Description: Selecting an appropriate cable jacket directly impacts sensor reliability and service life. Factors such as temperature range, mechanical stress, chemical exposure, and safety requirements should be ...
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Bulk Current Injection Test
From: A.H. Systems Inc.Description: Here is an example of bulk current injection (BCI) test. Bulk current injection testing is to confirm that RF signals, when coupled onto interconnecting cables and/or power supply lines, will not ...
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EMC Test System Power Amplifier Checks
From: A.H. Systems Inc.Description: This test procedure describes how the small signal performance data of an amplifier is gathered and checked against previously recorded data ...
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Understanding and Implementing RF Current Probes
From: A.H. Systems Inc.Description: How do Current Probes Work? ...
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Reducing Energy Costs with Efficient Facilities Energy Management
From: Sierra Instruments, Inc.Description: Are rising energy costs and process inefficiencies impacting your bottom line? In today's industrial environments, controlling energy costs while maximizing operational efficiency is essential for ...
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Why Pressure Sensing is Critical to EV Thermal Management
From: Churod Americas, Inc.Description: Thermal runaway detection during parking is essential for safety of life and asset, as well as legislation compliance ...
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Compliance Services Near Me: Do You Need CO2 Monitoring to Stay Code-Compliant?
From: CO2Meter.comDescription: Looking for compliance services near you? Learn when CO2 monitoring is required, how workplace air monitoring meets OSHA, IFC, and NFPA codes. ...
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Article: Choosing the Right Torque Sensor: A guide for optimal performance
Description: Step-by-step guide to choosing the right torque sensor, balancing accuracy, performance, and cost for R&D, production, and end-of-line testing. Selecting the right torque sensor is a critical step ...
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Advanced Moisture Analysis In Timber, Agricultural and Plastics Industries with the PCE-UX 3018
Description: The exact determination of water content represents one of the most important pillars of quality assurance in numerous industrial sectors. Especially in the timber, agricultural, and plastics ...
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The Importance of a Correct Thermal Imaging Setup in Fired Heaters
From: LANDDescription: Accurate temperature measurement inside a furnace is never just about pointing an instrument and taking a reading. In real operating environments, surfaces change, backgrounds vary and conditions are ...
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Advantage of Digital Displacement Sensor v LVDT Displacement Sensor
Description: Solartron Metrology has a wide range of digital linear displacement and digital gauging transducers that can be easily integrated with the Orbit Digital Measurement Network and Solartron Gauging ...
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How to Troubleshoot Flowmeter Errors and Inaccurate Readings
Description: When a flowmeter produces inconsistent or inaccurate readings, it can disrupt operations, reduce efficiency, and compromise compliance. Follow this step-by-step troubleshooting guide to identify and ...
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Introduction to Conformal Coating For Industrial Sensors
Description: What is Conformal Coating? Why Use Conformal Coating? Applications of Conformal Coating ...
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Advantages of Non-Contact Level Sensors in Food Processing
From: BinMaster, Inc.Description: As demand grows in the food & beverage industry, compliance with health and safety standards continues to remain of the highest importance. Non-contact level sensors provide a solution, offering ...
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What is Surge Test?
Description: What is surge test? How does it affects sensors? ...
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Pressure Switch Types, Working Principle, Advantages & Applications
Description: This article explores how modern pressure switches improve system safety and automation, explains key selection considerations, and highlights where digital switching technology delivers higher ...
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What Are Basic Inductive Sensors?
Description: Some projects require specialized or customized sensors to meet the challenging demands of very specific application concerns. Locon provides these solutions. But, sometimes you don’t need a ...
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The Benefits of an Inductive Proximity Sensor
Description: Many manufacturers in the automotive industry and other automated facilities require non-contact presence detection to assist in safely and accurately changing tools in presses. To do so, these ...
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Introduction to Cyclic Voltammetric Stripping (CVS)
From: Metrohm USA, Inc.Description: This article highlights Cyclic Voltammetric Stripping (CVS) for monitoring organic additives in Cu electroplating baths, crucial for achieving optimal deposition. ...
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Payback Periods and ROI: Justifying a Flowmeter Investment
Description: Investing in modern flowmeter technology can significantly enhance operational performance and cost savings across a range of industries. To build a strong business case, it’s essential to ...
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Understanding Linear Sweep Voltammetry and Cyclic Voltammetry
From: Metrohm USA, Inc.Description: Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) are among the most popular electrochemical techniques, and both are used for a variety of applications in labs all over the world. Their ...
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Top 5 CO2 Safety Hazards in 2026 and How to Detect Them
From: CO2Meter.comDescription: As industries continue to expand their use of carbon dioxide (CO2) for refrigeration, beverage dispensing, manufacturing, indoor agriculture, laboratories, and cryogenics, CO2 safety risks are ...
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What is Beam Angle of a Radar Level Transmitter
Description: Beam angle plays a key role in how radar level transmitters perform in real applications. This article explains why beam angle matters, how it influences measurement reliability, and how proper ...
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Wellhead Metering Using V-Cone Technology
From: McCrometer, Inc.Description: In the areas of Hydrocarbon Exploration and Production, removal of hydrocarbons are becoming increasingly dependent on injected and re-injected fluids to facilitate hydrocarbon release; as new smaller ...
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White Paper: Permanent Pressure Loss Comparison Among Various Flowmeter Technologies
From: McCrometer, Inc.Description: This paper explores the issue of permanent pressure loss through various types of flow metering technologies. Of particular interest is the V-Cone. The V-Cone flowmeter is a differential pressure ...
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Know the Flow: Measurement Where You Need It the Most
From: McCrometer, Inc.Description: Water scarcity, increasing populations, and climate change are shifting the global perception of the value of water to been seen not just as a commodity, but as an invaluable resource to be protected. ...
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Case Study: Self-Conditioning V-Cone Flow Meter Solves Measurement Challenges for LNG Processing and Distribution
From: McCrometer, Inc.Description: With the continuous increase in demand for energy worldwide, the popularity of cleanburning natural gas has grown rapidly over the past decades. Its relatively abundant supply, along with new high ...
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Case Study: McCrometer CONNECT Weather Stations Help UC Davis Researchers Control Grape Powdery Mildew
From: McCrometer, Inc.Description: One of the most serious and persistent diseases that plagues grape growers on the West Coast is Grapevine powdery mildew (Erisiphe necator). It is a fungal disease that effects wine grape, table ...
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Case Study: FPI Mag® Meter Meets the Needs of a Water Distribution Plant in Italy
From: McCrometer, Inc.Description: Thanks to an abundance of water in the past, our customer was not measuring. However, now that resources are depleting, our customer must install a meter to monitor drinking water flow and discover ...
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Field Experiences with V-Cone Technology
From: McCrometer, Inc.Description: This paper describes the principles and field use of the McCrometer V-Cone D.P. flow meter used in the role of wellhead metering, injection measurement allocation metering, custody transfer of both ...
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Pipe Elbow Effects on the V-Cone Flowmeter
From: McCrometer, Inc.Description: Installation effects of upstream disturbances on flowmeters are important in today’s marketplace. Lengthy upstream piping required by many types of flowmeters can substantially increase the cost ...
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A New Approach to Accurate Water Flow Measurement - The Study of the FPI Mag Accuracy
From: McCrometer, Inc.Description: Electromagnetic Flow Meters, or “Mag Meters,” are the most widely used meter technology to measure the flow of water in the world today. As populations expand, water measurement and ...
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Electromagnetic Meters And Ultrasonic Meters - A Comparison
From: McCrometer, Inc.Description: Water and wastewater professionals rely on accurate flow measurements for process operation and regulatory compliance. Selecting the best flow meter for each application is essential to obtaining ...
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Six Top Factors To Consider When Selecting A Flow Meter
From: McCrometer, Inc.Description: Accurately measuring flow is critical for water utility operations. Also, regulatory agencies mandate flow monitoring and require annual calibration of meters. But even a meter in perfect condition ...
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The Challenge of Flow Disturbances on Meter Accuracy
From: McCrometer, Inc.Description: Accurately measuring flow is critical for water utility operations. Also, regulatory agencies mandate flow monitoring and require annual calibration of meters. But even a meter in perfect condition ...
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Three Hidden Traps of Low Flow Cutoff
From: McCrometer, Inc.Description: Steam system operators can pay a high price for generating product that passes through a meter but fails to get measured. Also known as low flow cutoff, those losses are a function of the turndown ...
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V-Cone Differential-Pressure Meters: Accuracy To Go With The Flow
From: McCrometer, Inc.Description: When space is tight and straight-run piping is at a premium, V-Cone® differential pressure (DP) meters (Figure 1) are an excellent choice — especially where the potential for turbulence ...
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The Importance of Dewpoint Measurement in Hydrogen Cooled Electricity Generators
From: Shaw Moisture MetersDescription: Hydrogen cooled electricity generators are widely used in power plants due to hydrogen's superior thermal conductivity and low density, which enables efficient cooling of large generators. Trace ...
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The Importance of Dewpoint Measurement in Compressed Air Dryers
From: Shaw Moisture MetersDescription: Compressed air is a vital utility in many industries, powering tools, automation systems, and processes. However, moisture in compressed air can cause significant problems, including equipment damage, ...
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Understanding Storage Tanks Types: Helpful for Selecting Right Level Sensors
Description: Understanding the storage tanks can be helpful when choosing a level sensor. When it's challenging to determine the properties of the medium, we can refer to the material of the storage tank to select ...
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CO2 Monitoring Safety System: Compliance Checklist, Benefits and Installation Guide
From: CO2Meter.comDescription: Carbon dioxide (CO2) is essential across many industries, yet it presents serious health and safety risks when leaks go undetected in enclosed or poorly ventilated spaces. This article provides a ...
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How UHP Calibration Systems Keep Semiconductors Defect-Free
From: Environics, Inc.Description: Why Semiconductors Rely on UHP Calibration Systems ...