Test and Measurement Equipment Reference Materials
Reference Articles 1 - 100 of 617
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Calibrating Toroidal Conductivity Sensors
Description: A toroidal conductivity sensor consists of two wire wound toroids encased in a plastic body. When an alternating voltage is applied to one of the toroids, it induces an ionic current in the solution ...
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Metal Beverage, Food and Aerosol Can Coat Developments
From: AMETEK BrookfieldDescription: Drink a can of your favorite beverage, spray a little touch up paint to your outdoor furniture, or open a can of food for yourself or your pet. Chances are a metal container was in your hand 50% or ...
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Universal Testing Machine Working Principle
Description: Universal testing machine, a material testing machine integrating tensile, bending, compression, shearing, ring stiffness and other functions. It is mainly used for the mechanical properties test of ...
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Common Antenna Terms and Definitions
From: A.H. Systems Inc.Description: Antenna: An antenna is a device that transmits and/or receives electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic waves are often referred to as radio waves. Most antennas are resonant devices, which operate ...
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dBm Volts Watts Conversion
From: A.H. Systems Inc.Description: Conversion link - dBm is defined as power ratio in decibel (dB) referenced to one milliwatt (mW). It is an abbreviation for dB with respect to 1 mW and the "m" in dBm stands for milliwatt. ...
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Field Intensity Calculation
From: A.H. Systems Inc.Description: Below is a calculation tool to help determining the actual field intensity or power density at a given distance ...
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Magnetic Field Conversions
From: A.H. Systems Inc.Description: Here is our easy to use conversion tables for common magnetic field measurement units. With magnetic field testing sometimes it becomes necessary to convert from one unit of measure to another. This ...
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Rubber Test Item - Rubber Test / Plastic Test
Description: Rubber is widely used in daily life have a lot of rubber for our services, through wearing by urban and rural residents, it is must be a kind of consumption is very big, with a rubber are in play its ...
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5 Ways to Improve Measurement Accuracy with the Magna-Mike 8600 Thickness Gage
From: Olympus America, Inc.Description: The Magna-Mike® portable Hall effect thickness gage is used to measure the thickness of plastic containers and other nonferrous materials. Unlike our other thickness gages, the Magna-Mike gage ...
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Salt Spray Test
Description: The salt spray test is an environmental test that mainly uses the simulated salt spray environmental conditions created by salt spray test equipment to assess the corrosion resistance of a product or ...
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Lipstick
From: AMETEK BrookfieldDescription: Evaluation of the hardness of lipsticks by penetration with a 2 mm needle probe. ...
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Aging Testing
Description: Accelerated Aging Test,Aging Test Chamber ...
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Ground Cinnamon
From: AMETEK BrookfieldDescription: Determination of powder flow characteristics of ground cinnamon. ...
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Metaldetector allows economic processing of regenerated material
From: Sesotec GmbHDescription: In the production of plastic parts for industrial electronics and automotive components, whether in small series with less than 500 parts per year or with annual production volumes of several million ...
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The influence of intuitive operation on the total cost of ownership
From: Sesotec GmbHDescription: Investments in machines and systems for the protection against contaminants and for metal detection in the food industry for many years have an influence on a factory's internal processes and on its ...
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Making Good Dough
From: AMETEK BrookfieldDescription: Dough is the staple of the bakery world. Producing "good" dough consistently in manufacturing is the challenge. Test methods have arisen that standardize how dough is evaluated for acceptability using ...
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Everything You Need to Know About Oscilloscope Technology
Description: How Do Oscilloscopes Work? The oscilloscope is a graph-displaying device. Oscilloscopes draw graphs of an electrical signal, showing how the signal changes over time. The Y-axis on the graph ...
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Understand the Difference Between HP, Agilent, and Keysight
Description: Three major brand names have dominated the electronic test equipment industry for decades: Hewlett-Packard (HP), Agilent Technologies, and Keysight. People see these brands stamped across many major ...
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Food Package Testing - Technologies & an Overview
From: TM Electronics, Inc.Description: There are many variations on the need to test food packaging, such as the degree of permeability of the package and the strength of the seal to withstand transport and storage stresses. Package ...
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Flow Meter Dos and Don'ts with Ammonia
From: Sierra Instruments, Inc.Description: Editor's Note: This post was originally published on April 25, 2012. Due to its popularity and continued questions on this issue, we updated the post on 2/2/2018. We often have engineers and ...
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Case Study - Customized Tests Help Supplier Validate Military Hardware
From: Cincinnati Sub-ZeroDescription: The process required custom robotics and mixturing in an extremely compressed timeframe ...
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Comprehensive Product Design Testing for High-tech Automotive Components
From: Cincinnati Sub-ZeroDescription: In a hotly pursued, global marketplace, the availability of superior automobile components unquestionably can determine a car's adoption viability. Proven, certified, and highly customized product ...
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Case Study: Flow Testing of Trocar Assemblies
From: TM Electronics, Inc.Description: Problem/Goal: A company that manufactures a variety of trocar assembly configurations needed a precise method of performing a flow test that would be adaptable to various barrel diameters and lengths. ...
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CASE STUDY: Leak & Flow Testing Multi-Lumen Catheters
From: TM Electronics, Inc.Description: Problem/Goal: A medical device company manufactures a variety of catheter configurations for which they require high-resolution, accurate repeatable and reliable leak and flow test results. Testing ...
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Case Study: Leak Test for Endoscope Irrigated Blade Assembly
From: TM Electronics, Inc.Description: Problem/Goal: A medical device company manufactures an irrigated blade assembly for an endoscope which requires accurate repeatable leak test results. The test fixture must also have the flexibility ...
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Case Study: Non-destructive Vacuum Decay Chamber Test - Blister Packs
From: TM Electronics, Inc.Description: Problem/Goal: The customer was looking for a method to confirm the leak integrity of medical dispenser blister packs without destroying the package and/or contaminating the contents. Read about the ...
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Middle East State Owned Utility Conpany Fault Prevented
From: IRISS, Inc.Description: The Middle East based State Owned Utility company use the IRISS Sonus PD instrument to test for Partial Discharge in their medium voltage Switchgear and accessories. In March 2014, high levels of ...
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Calibrating for Absolute Orientation
Description: The latest Slam Stick release has an IMU capable of recording the device's orientation relative to either its initial orientation (relative orientation), or to relative to magnetic north (absolute ...
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Quaternions for Orientation
Description: Absolute vs Relative Direction ...
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SAM: Another Brick in the Wall with Automation
From: PHOENIX CONTACT USADescription: Construction Robotics, a start-up company from Victor, N.Y., was founded in 2007 with the goal of bringing automation technology to on-site construction. The company's flagship product is the ...
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Density - Who Cares? Maybe You Should.
Description: Density measurement is used a an indication of what is happening in a process. Density analysis multiple applications in wide range of industries. How Come? ...
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Effect of Sample Chamber to Reference Chamber Volume Ratio Effect on Accuracy of Gas Pycnometry Measurements
From: Quantachrome InstrumentsDescription: One of the most significant contributors to uncertainty in gas pycnometry measurements comes from the ratio between the volumes of the empty space within the sample chamber and the reference chamber. ...
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Basics of Medical Package Testing
From: TM Electronics, Inc.Description: The release of a terminally sterilized medical device or product to the marketplace is the culmination of monumental design and development effort. Efficient, effective and safe usage characteristics ...
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Principles of Operation For Force-Decay Leak Testing of Flexible Packages
From: TM Electronics, Inc.Description: Non-destructive leak testing for flexible packages can be accomplished by several methods that utilize various properties of the package form and materials. Techniques include vacuum bubble test, ...
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Understanding Leaks in Products and Packages
From: TM Electronics, Inc.Description: Simply and directly, a leak is a hole or a path through which the package contents may escape, or through which ambient materials from the environment may enter. There are holes in everything; the ...
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What is a pressure/vacuum decay test?
From: TM Electronics, Inc.Description: Pressure decay testing measures the change in pressure between atmospheric pressure and your pressurized test sample. Unlike some other current methods of leak testing, this test method yields ...
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Application Note: ABB Los Gatos Research Triple Isotope Water Analyzer (TIWA)
Description: The Isotope Hydrology Laboratory of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) recently organized a water isotope inter-comparison (WICO) for international laboratory performance assessment of ...
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WirelessHART® networks: 7 myths that cloud their consideration for process control Measurement made easy
Description: Misinformation about WirelessHART networks prevails among many instrument engineers in the process industries. This article attempts to set the record straight by debunking 7 myths about these ...
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What is an IP Rating?
From: Progressive AutomationsDescription: Some of the most frequently asked questions we receive from our customers have to do with IP ratings. What is an IP rating? What does it mean? How does the rating system work? That is why we wrote ...
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How can 2D & 3D X-ray Imaging Help with Additive Manufacturing?
From: North Star Imaging, Inc.Description: Additive manufacturing (AM), sometimes referred to as 3D printing, is believed to be one of the greatest opportunities of our era and has the potential to completely change many business landscapes in ...
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What is Digital Radiography?
From: North Star Imaging, Inc.Description: Digital Radiography, or DR for short, is a 2D X-ray inspection method using a digital X-ray detector in place of X-ray film. DR allows for real-time X-ray inspection of your part or object - no more ...
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Viscosity Measurement: So Easy, Yet So Difficult
Description: Temperature control is the single most important parameter for obtaining accurate and precise kinematic viscosity measurements. This is especially true for petroleum products as their rate of ...
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Cheese Puffs
From: AMETEK BrookfieldDescription: Evaluation of the hardness of cheese puffs by bulk compression using an Ottawa Cell. Puffed corn snacks are very popular with many interesting variations and improvements made over the years. ...
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Apple Juice
From: AMETEK BrookfieldDescription: Apple juice is consumed as a beverage. ...
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Tackling EMC Emissions Earlier in the Design Process Proves Advantageous
Description: Ensuring that hardware conforms with the relevant electro-magnetic compatibility (EMC) regulations is an important part of any electronic design project. As initially all the focus tends to be on ...
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Baby Formula
From: AMETEK BrookfieldDescription: Provides a nutritional supplement for babies up to 12 months old. ...
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This shrouded plug doesn't fit
From: E-Z-HOOKDescription: Recently a Power Company approached us with certain requirements for two different test lead options. Their field technicians had various Fluke meters, some accepting shrouded plug and some that did ...
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Application Note: Almonds
From: AMETEK BrookfieldDescription: Evaluation of the hardness of almonds using a craft knife blade. ...
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Application Note: Eye Pencil
From: AMETEK BrookfieldDescription: The hardness of an eye pencil tip is important; the texture of the eyeliner should be such that upon application, it smoothly glides along effortlessly enabling ultimate control and flexibility. The ...
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Fluorescence Depolarization Measurement of Liposomes
From: JASCODescription: Fluorescence depolarization or fluorescence anisotropy can be observed when a fluorophore emits light of different intensities depending on the axes of polarization. When a molecule is excited by the ...
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Probe Maintenance
Description: Test probes used in production testing will eventually get dirty enough to cause contact problems. The following steps will eliminate contact problems caused by dirty probes. ...
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Chemical Additives: Applications and Analytical Methods
From: Anton PaarDescription: Specialty chemicals, or chemical additives, are rapidly becoming a trillion dollar industry and are used in a wide range of industrial sectors, including energy, cosmetics, detergents, food, ...
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Paper Mill Saves Budget Dollars With IR Window Program
From: IRISS, Inc.Description: A paper mill in South Carolina had a very successful infrared inspection program that management wanted to expand. However, the requirements of NFPA 70E were causing them to re-think their strategy ...
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Application Note: Toothpaste Firmness
From: AMETEK BrookfieldDescription: Comparison of toothpaste firmness / "force to extrude" of two toothpaste formulations.. ...
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Powder Analysis Application Note: Baby Formula
From: AMETEK BrookfieldDescription: Provides a nutritional supplement for babies up to 12 months old. ...
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Application Note: Fromage Frais
From: AMETEK BrookfieldDescription: Evaluation of the firmness and consistencies of Fromage Frais by penetration using a cylinder probe. ...
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Laser Line vs. Traditional Spot Laser Distance Measurement
From: Baumer Ltd.Description: Laser sensors perform a variety of measurement feats, including detection, counting, guiding and triggering of far, near, moving and stationary objects. They've grown up substantially from previous ...
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Triangulation and Light Barriers-The Basics
From: Baumer Ltd.Description: Photoelectric sensors are used to detect objects by using light. Depending on the application, available space, and specific requirements, a variety of sensors can be used. Detection is typically ...
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Texture Analysis Application Note: Cheese Spread Triangles
From: AMETEK BrookfieldDescription: Evaluation of the firmness and stickiness of two different brands of cheese spread triangles by penetration using a 1-inch spherical probe. ...
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Texture Analysis Application Note: Oral Metered Dose Inhaler
From: AMETEK BrookfieldDescription: Evaluation of inhaler performance using an inhaler support accessory and a hemispherical probe. ...
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A Multi-Tenant 1,000,000 Square Foot Commercial Office Building in Jersey City, NJ. Part 1
From: IRISS, Inc.Description: This proactive client wanted to monitor the heartbeat (electrical distribution system) of his facility daily versus annually. Delta T Alert's installed on all critical enclosures located within the ...
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A Multi-Tenant 37 Story Commercial Office Building in Jersey City, NJ Case Study
From: IRISS, Inc.Description: Variable Frequency Drives (VFD's) are computer and power supply. Excessive heat will cause premature VFD failure. ...
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A Multi-Tenant 600,000 Square Foot Commercial Office Building in Jersey City, NJ Case Study
From: IRISS, Inc.Description: Variable Frequency Drives (VFD's) are computer and power supply. Excessive heat will cause premature VFD failure. ...
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A Multi-Tenant Commercial Office Building in New York City, NY. Part 1 Case Study
From: IRISS, Inc.Description: This proactive client wanted to monitor the electrical panels and disconnects in the facility daily versus annually. Delta T Alert's installed on panels and disconnects on multiple floors of this ...
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A Multi-Tenant Commercial Office Building in New York City, NY. Part 2 Case Study
From: IRISS, Inc.Description: This proactive client wanted to monitor the electrical panels and disconnects in the Main Switchgear Room of the facility daily versus annually. Delta T Alert's installed on panels and disconnects in ...
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Comparing TGA, FTIR, and Fixed Filter Infrared Analyzers for Measuring Soot Levels in In-Service Lubricants
From: Spectro ScientificDescription: Measuring soot in diesel engine oil has become more important as soot levels get higher due to exhaust gas recirculation. As soot is one of the key indicators for the condition of the oil, diesel ...
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Custom Solutions for High Arc Flash Incident Energy and Interlocked Electrical Enclosures Case Study
From: IRISS, Inc.Description: Many facilities have embraced the safety requirements of NFPA 70E and the safetyby-design features now available from most electrical switchgear manufacturers. Many times in the past, however, failure ...
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Insurance Company Chooses IRISS Infrared Windows for Arc Flash Mitigation Campus Wide
From: IRISS, Inc.Description: One of our distribution partners, Iris Systems, was recently approached by one of their clients who had moved premises into a purpose built manufacturing facility. The client's engineering team were ...
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IoT Debug Gets a Boost From True Differential Probing
From: Pico TechnologyDescription: Application note describing how using a differential input oscilloscope can help debug a typical DC/DC converter designed to provide power in Internet of Things (IoT) applications. ...
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IRISS Pairs Technology & Training to Help IRISS Systems Develop a 21st Century Maintenance Strategy
From: IRISS, Inc.Description: One of our distribution partners, Iris Systems, was recently approached by one of their clients who had moved premises into a purpose built manufacturing facility. The client's engineering team were ...
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IRISS Partner Implements Unique Solutions for Phosphate Mining Client
From: IRISS, Inc.Description: Connected Power Phosphate Services LLC of Lakeland, Florida services the maintenance needs of the mining sector in Florida and Georgia and are a preferred channel partner of IRISS Inc. One of their ...
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IRISS Reaches for the Sky with UK Automotive Manufacturer to Improve Preventative Maintenance Strategy
From: IRISS, Inc.Description: One of our clients, a UK Automotive Manufacturer with a long and storied history, recently suffered an arc flash incident on a transformer which resulted in the cable connection door being dislodged ...
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Paper Mill Grows RCM Program with Savings Developed from IR Windo Program
From: IRISS, Inc.Description: A paper mill in Georgia had run a very successful infrared inspection program for a number of years via a local contract thermographers working with the mill's in-house electricians. Although the ...
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Particle Counters for Oil Analysis: Design and Specifications
From: Spectro ScientificDescription: When implementing machine condition monitoring for machinery lubricating oils, typically the first strategy you implement is contamination control. Particle counting is the method used to monitor the ...
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Portable Analysis of Fuel Dilution in Lubrication Oil
From: Spectro ScientificDescription: Fuel contamination in a lubricant is one of the most important lubricant failure modes in internal combustion engines. The presence of fuel reduces the oil viscosity which decreases the load carrying ...
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Residual Cylinder Oil Base Number (BN) Measurement with Portable IR Analysis for Shipboard Use
From: Spectro ScientificDescription: Due to the effects of over-capacity and reduced freight rates in the aftermath of the recent recession, ship operators have implemented "slow steaming" operations to reduce costs. Operating two-stroke ...
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Wear Metal Analysis on Polyolester Base Aviation Turbine Oil - Developing a Calibration on the Spectroil Analyzer for Improved Response
From: Spectro ScientificDescription: Synthetic Polyol Ester fluids are the fluids of choice to lubricate aircraft gas turbine engines used in commercial and military service requiring MIL-PRF-23699F-STD level performance. It also is used ...
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Standards - Constraining Instrumentation Innovation?
From: Convergence InstrumentsDescription: overview and commentary on the constraints of history and practice on the acoustic instruments that we use every day. (Perhaps this is just as well as the research for this paper has showed up some of ...
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What is a Test Point?
From: bisco industriesDescription: A test point is a small metal terminal used as a connection point to test circuitry on printed circuit boards (PCBs). Typical PCB test points are wire formed loops surrounded by colored insulators. ...
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Application Note: Beans
From: AMETEK BrookfieldDescription: Evaluating the hardness of dry cooked beans by bulk compression. ...
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A Normal-Force Sensor for Quantitative Normal Stress Measurements
Description: One of the more important but least utilized aspects of rheology is normal force. It is well known that when a simple liquid such as water is stirred, inertia causes the sample to be displaced away ...
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An Air-Bearing Sealed Cell for Overpressure Rheology Measurements
Description: Rheometry is a powerful and straightforward measuring technique that until recently has not seen widespread acceptance, particularly in industries handling materials that change their integrity over a ...
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An Economical Alternative to Rheological Characterization
Description: Rheological characterization continues to gain importance in the development of novel materials across a wide variety of industries. Historically, rheological characterization required a significant ...
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Analysis of Errors in Viscosity Measurement
Description: An analysis was conducted to compare the operational characteristics of two different bench- top semi-automated viscometers - the Cannon SImpleVIS and the Spectro Q3000. This analysis looked at three ...
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Catching Contamination and Mislabeling of Fresh Lubricants
Description: The only reliable method for determining if the lubricant is correct... is to compare the lubricant viscosity against its original viscosity specification. ...
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Dynamic Mechanical Analysis Of UV-Curable Coatings While Curing
Description: A method has been developed for following the dynamic mechanical properties of a UV-curable coating while the sample is curing. The resulting data and plots can be used to measure the material's cure ...
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Dynamic Shear Rheometers Pave the Way for Quality Asphalt Binders
Description: Asphalt binders' behavior depends on temperature and time of loading. Unlike steel, which is considered a completely elastic material that can store energy indefinitely, asphalt binders cannot sustain ...
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Effect of Pressure and UV Intensity on the Rheological Cure Profile and Dimensional Change of Developing Networks
Description: Rheological properties of systems that undergo a curing process present a challenging and intriguing problem to measure accurately. Zhang et al.1 explain that this is due to several factors, including ...
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Frequency Sweep PDMS
Description: Dynamic oscillation is one of the most popular means to determine the viscoelastic response of materials. One of the features of the Stresstech HR is its ability to make measurements across a wide ...
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High Shear Rate Experiments
Description: Many times experiments at high shear rates are required to characterize materials that undergo processing such as spraying, milling, coating and lubrication. The ability of a research rheometer to ...
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Measurement and Prediction of Fluid Viscosities at High Shear Rates
Description: Polymeric materials in general are viscoelastic in nature because they exhibit strong depend- ence of deformation and flow on time and temperature. Molecular structures in polymeric materials undergo ...
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Photocuring Equipment Challenges: Medical Device Manufacturers' Point of View Change
Description: The design, development and manufacture of medical devices differs significantly from many other consumer and industrial products because of both compliance and regulatory requirements. That's why ...
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Polypropylene Rheology- QC
Description: In this application the effect of degradation on the quality of a polypropylene sample will be shown. The rheological properties of polypropylene which is used e.g. for die casting of injection ...
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Powder Rheology Using A Novel Friction Tool Measuring System
Description: Rheology is defined as the science of flow and deformation of matter. Rheological instrumentation and measurements have become essential tools in the analytical laboratories of companies for ...
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Rheological Instrumentation for the Characterization of Polymers
Description: Traditional tests for polymers focus on the amount (mass) of material passing through a known diameter orifice in a given time frame, usually 10 min. This type of test, known as fluidity index or melt ...
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Rheological Instrumentation for the Coating Industry
Description: Because coatings are complex structured fluids, it is necessary to be able to apply a variety of tests to examine their complex behavior. In the past, a single-point test at a single shear rate was ...
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Rheological Properties of Structural and Pressure-sensitive Adhesives and their Impact on Product Performance
Description: To understand the formulation and performance of adhesive systems, one has to study surface chemistry, rheology and fracture mechanics with regard to the required structural design. Rheology has ...
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Rheology & Texture of Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Semi-Solids
Description: Semisolid products are the most difficult to characterize rheologically because they combine both liquid and solid properties. Many pharmaceutical materials are semisolids such as ointments, creams, ...
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Rheology of Developing Network Systems: New Techniques, Capabilities, and Instruments
Description: Rheological instrumentation and rheological measurements have become essential tools in the analytical laboratory for characterizing component materials and final products, monitoring process ...
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Rheology of Foods: New Techniques, Capabilities, and Instruments
Description: The materials under investigation can range from low-viscosity fluids to semisolids and gels to hard, solid-like food products. A knowledge of the rheological and mechanical properties of various food ...
