Advanced Temperature Measurement and Control

Unit 5.6 - Control Strategies

5-6. Control Strategies

Table 5-1 summarizes some of the options. As usual, there is a tradeoff of cost for performance. It is the author's opinion that the increased cost of piping, control valves, or measurements is more than offset by either increased product quality or decreased energy consumption from fewer oscillations. Advanced control techniques such as nonlinearity compensation and feedforward can be used to treat the symptoms of a poor design or implementation. It is better to eliminate the root cause and provide an installation that is inherently good.

05_Advanced_Temperature_Measurement_and_Control-10.gif

Table 5-1. Improved performance often requires higher initial costs but is justified by the reduced cost of goods (COGS).

Exercises

5-1. The process stream from a reactor is cooled using the heat exchanger below. Using Eq. (5-1 a) and (5-2b), determine if this stream can be controlled at the desired temperature.

05_Advanced_Temperature_Measurement_and_Control-11.gif

5-2. Which heat exchanger setup below offers the maximum heat transfer?

05_Advanced_Temperature_Measurement_and_Control-12.gif

5-3. Why are heat exchangers so hard to control?

5-4. Steam is to be used to heat a process stream via a heat exchanger. Draw the controls on the heat exchanger below and describe why you would control temperature this way

05_Advanced_Temperature_Measurement_and_Control-13.gif

5-5. A liquid-liquid heat exchanger is designed for a normal coolant flow of 50 gpm. The tube side of the exchanger is being throttled, and the exchanger has an X ratio of 0.5 at nominal conditions. The temperature controller used on the exchanger is tuned with a gain setting of 0.3, reset value of 0.8 min. /repeat and a derivative setting of 0.2 min. A process change requires that the exchanger operate with half the coolant flow. Using Eq. (5-5a) and (5-6a), determine the new temperature controller settings.

5-6. A liquid-liquid heat exchanger is used to cool a process stream. A feedforward control scheme is used to control the temperature of the process stream. Using Eq, (5-9a), determine the coolant flow required to maintain the conditions below.

05_Advanced_Temperature_Measurement_and_Control-14.gif

References

  1. Shinskey, F. G., Process Control Systems, McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, third edition, 1983.

  2. McMillan, G, K., Tuning and Control Loop PerformancesInstrument Society of America, third edition, 1994.

  3. Spitzer, D. W., "Remotely Set Pressure Regulators: A User's Perspective," ISA Conference Paper 91-0464, October 1991.

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