TABLE OF CONTENTS Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) engineering usually proceeds from an interference model consisting of a source of interference (transmitter), a coupling mechanism (path) and a potentially susceptible equipment (receiver) (Figure 3 a).
Electrical systems with electronic devices as potentially susceptible equipment are endangered by conducted interferences and interfering radiation (Figure 3 b) from the following six sources of interference:
Direct and close-up lightning discharges
Lightning electromagnetic impulse (LEMP): predominantly conducted interference such as lightning currents and partial lightning currents, potential increase of the struck system as well as interfering radiation.
Power technical switching operations
Switching electromagnetic impulse (SEMP): predominantly conducted interference as well as magnetic interfering radiation.
Power technical system perturbation
Predominantly conducted interference with voltage distortions.
Electrostatic discharges
(ESD): predominantly conducted interference by spark discharge.
Low and high frequency transmitters
Resulting in continuous interfering radiation.
Nuclear explosions
Nuclear electromagnetic impulse (NEMP): with a resulting impulse-shaped interfering radiation.
The coupling between the source of interference and potentially susceptible equipment can be realized by either conduction and/or radiation (electric field, magnetic field or electromagnetic field). The coupling path can be described in the equivalent circuit diagram by combinations of resistances and/or capacitances and/or inductances.
Potentially susceptible equipment includes telecommunications engineering systems (i.e. electrical systems with electronic equipment and facilities). In lightning protection engineering, structural facilities, such as meeting places and areas with fire and explosion hazards, are considered to contain potentially susceptible equipment...
